tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-42691107680902926902024-03-29T07:12:41.039+08:00文化種籽陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.comBlogger58125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-62191949924767505412022-07-18T22:21:00.004+08:002024-03-14T10:24:03.566+08:00屏東萬巒/紫紅寶石高高掛,果汁李的酸甜滋味<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">24 歲的屏東萬巒青年李秉承自退伍後返家務農,承繼自家農地並且將檳榔園逐漸轉作蔬果。他不僅創立「果汁李」品牌販售農產品,也以「靠天吃飯」為題材,自寫自拍 Vlog 分享一系列田間農作生活,希望讓更多人了解農產業的汗水與笑容。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">近年他經由前輩指導與自學摸索,成功生產主要產區在南投埔里的百香果。而果汁李更多務農的酸甜滋味,將在本集節目中呈現。</div></div>
陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-65709109489776397892022-05-22T21:13:00.010+08:002022-06-19T10:07:47.226+08:00屏東里港/在頑石地建立家園,定遠居民用香草料理傳承孤軍記憶<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WY_x8hk0L5M" width="840" youtube-src-id="WY_x8hk0L5M"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">來自金三角的滇緬游擊隊義民與家眷,他們在鄰荖濃溪岸的貧瘠頑石地建立起家園。居民在2015年成立滇緬民俗文化協會,希望可以藉由種植香草植物、手作滇緬美食來傳承老一輩在金三角孤軍奮戰的集體記憶。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">在屏東縣里港定遠社區裡的公園一角,在居民印象中,這裡是從前曬稻穀、曬毛豆的水泥地,後來經過大家填土整理後,成為空氣中飄散清香味的香草植物園。10多歲時與家人遷移到此定居的社區媽媽魯小招,介紹社區的小天地裡面種了哪些滇緬料理不可或缺的原鄉味。 </span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">緬甸老芥菜、刺芫荽、鼻舌菜……這些植物都可以在屏東里港定遠社區的香草園找的到。而居民打造香草園的歷程,一如滇緬孤軍與眷屬胼手胝足,從金三角來到台灣開闢新天地。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">村子裡遷台後的第一代男性越來越少了。
社區耆老鍾志大在年輕的時候加入國民政府軍隊,對於剛來台灣的日子,他仍然記憶猶新。民國50、60年代在這片荒埔石地開墾的克難程度,可不亞於在金三角浴血奮戰,他的雙手記錄了這段歲月的痕跡。放下槍桿子改拿起鋤頭並不容易,鍾志大還得想辦法賺外快養家。喏,他用手比了比,撿砲皮也在他身上留下印記。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">五年級生李亞芳生於台灣,是孤軍第二代,她分享老一輩昔日在滇緬寮國交界金三角常見的香料植物,隨著部隊遷移來台消失。而多年以後,一株株香草能在定遠村子種植、入菜,那得是多少居無定所的日子、多少流血流汗的酸楚,方能有撲鼻而來的清香味。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">接近中午的時候,社區媽媽又走進香草園裡去,這回兩人採摘新鮮葉子備料,在她們的巧手下,一道道滇緬料理飄香,令人口水直流。媽媽們嚴選本土黑豬肉、摻入自栽刺芫荽、馬蜂橙、香茅提味,以58°金門高粱防腐,他們拿出自豪的雲南原鄉手藝,與社區年輕人合作推出品牌香料香腸。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">從過往滇緬民俗文化協會創會成員發起社區營造,到近幾年有越來越多的定遠年輕人投入社區發展,以品牌為針、定遠生活為線,透過食物拉近社區與外界的距離,也經由一連串策展活動,傳承滇緬孤軍的集體記憶。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">來自異域滇緬孤軍與家眷後裔,歷經叢林游擊的漂泊歲月,部分人員在里港臨荖濃溪畔這塊寸草不生的頑石地建立起家園。雖然目前滇緬民俗文化協會成員多數是在台灣出生的孤軍後裔,並沒有歷經金三角的游擊歲月,不過前人的事蹟、原鄉的味道他們不曾忘記,如同聽聞無數次的傳奇故事,未來他們將持續傳述下去。</div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-23153110639137913792022-05-22T18:47:00.002+08:002022-05-22T18:47:26.164+08:00屏東九如/玄天上帝聖誕花團錦簇,龔泰文領團隊深耕鄉村20餘年打造台灣蘭展<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8ceI9nTmZxQ" width="840" youtube-src-id="8ceI9nTmZxQ"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div>神明生日,不僅有整園的蘭花祝壽,祂還會選出其中的蘭花冠軍!</div><div><br /></div><div>原來是位在屏東九如的北玄宮,每逢三月初三玄天上帝聖誕前後,也是「台灣蘭花節」熱鬧時。</div><div><br /></div><div>而主力推手,是從小在九如鄉間長大的龔泰文。他當初因為阿姨贈送的一盆黃金石斛蘭而走進花草世界,研讀農園生產專業、並在1999年辦理第一屆台灣蘭花節,後來團隊將蘭展帶進鄉村,帶進北玄宮,延續至今。</div><div><br /></div><div>龔泰文從最初欣賞蘭花、學以致用到專業培育,即便農會工作繁忙,他也不忘推廣蘭花之美,將花卉知識分享給大眾,讓蘭的姿態更貼近人們生活,點綴日常風景。</div></div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0904台灣屏東縣九如鄉平和路339號22.7613998 120.4946807-5.548834036178846 85.3384307 51.071633636178845 155.6509307tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-10493393035610649292022-04-02T07:51:00.006+08:002022-04-02T07:51:53.348+08:00屏東市/融入眷村情誼與老家時光,四川人吳治芳用濃濃的人情味調味川菜<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/A3Skm4M8qZM" width="840" youtube-src-id="A3Skm4M8qZM"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div>因結婚定居在台灣25年的的四川人吳治芳,為了貼補家用投身餐飲業,從洗碗、跑外賣、料理小吃到開自助餐店,一個原先不會做菜的女子在20年後掌廚,與家人一同經營起「想家的家」川菜館。</div><div><br /></div><div>2021年,想家的家進駐勝利星村園區,吳治芳用濃濃的人情味調味川菜,並且將她與眷村友人的情誼以及成都老家的美好時光,交織成饕客難以忘懷的味覺記憶。</div></div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-25666055450765808312022-03-18T07:26:00.007+08:002022-04-02T07:45:12.583+08:00屏東市/笛子不只是笛子,屏大學生DIY樂器重現vuvu年代的聲音<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QSK_e5Pdn4M" width="840" youtube-src-id="QSK_e5Pdn4M"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div>還記得曾經在學校音樂課用直笛吹過什麼曲子嗎?屏東大學學生DIY了只有3孔的雙管鼻笛,簡單的幾個音卻令金曲製作人回味再三。</div><div><br /></div><div>這些從竹管流瀉出來的樂音雖然生澀,但學生吹奏起來還是悸動不已,不禁令人遙想前人在吹奏口笛、鼻笛、口簧琴時,是懷抱怎樣的心情呢?</div></div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-30168611736759818962021-12-18T16:32:00.003+08:002021-12-18T21:26:18.089+08:00屏東內埔/保種本土黑豬,東寶不僅有畜牧場、肉棧,還開餐館辦講座<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sTba7fNWGiE" width="840" youtube-src-id="hxA2R8Wyyvw"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">位於屏東內埔與竹田一帶的豬農,承襲先民選育適應臺灣氣候的本土黑豬。2018年末為了防堵廚餘中的碎肉可能散播「非洲豬瘟」病毒而引發的「廚餘禁令」討論,本土黑豬產業受到不少負面聲浪,一旦政府禁令一下,不僅可能引發中北部肉豬棄養潮,屏東客庄本土黑豬更會面臨絕種的危機。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">屏東內埔的東寶牧場便是專養本土黑豬,而負責人謝旭忠在30年前開始布局家業轉型,近年更成立肉棧、投入電商,還開設WUZUE餐館,一步步實現東寶團隊「從產地到餐桌」的願望,而同時持續生產肉品更是保種本土黑豬。</div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-84691231151790018002021-12-12T18:38:00.001+08:002022-01-14T18:34:40.925+08:00屏東來義/風雨過後的部落蔬店<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nE_uJr3WeJE" width="840" youtube-src-id="nE_uJr3WeJE"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span></div><div><br /></div>位於來義鄉義林部落的部落蔬店,<div>由新來義部落發展協會所成立。</div><div>歷經2009年八八風災,</div><div>協會為了維持農耕傳統文化,</div><div>並協助部落小農銷售農產品,</div><div>因此募集資源至今,</div><div>終於在2020年有了實體店面。</div><div><div><br /></div><div>部落蔬店自許成為排灣族的穀倉,</div><div>不僅是產業發展的的銷售平台,</div><div>未來還能繫起新舊部落、人與土地間的連結。</div><div><br /></div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-30808017841154913392021-10-11T09:30:00.013+08:002021-12-17T21:55:57.933+08:00屏東內埔/非洲豬瘟來勢洶洶,屏東黑豬農如何走出自己的一條路?<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hxA2R8Wyyvw" width="840" youtube-src-id="hxA2R8Wyyvw"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">你知道台灣農產品賣最多錢的是什麼嗎?答案是豬肉,還是第二名的稻米產值近2倍。國人在市面上所買到的肉豬,有近9成是由國外不同純種的白豬雜交而成,但是在屏東,有一群豬農飼養著只有內行人才懂得指名享用的本土黑豬。 </div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">近幾年為了防堵廚餘中的碎肉,可能散播非洲豬瘟病毒而引發的廚餘禁令討論,長年使用廚餘養豬的本土黑豬產業受到不少負面聲浪。一旦政府禁令一下,不僅可能引發中北部肉豬棄養潮,屏東客庄本土黑豬更會面臨絕種的危機。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">為何需要正視這樣的危機?台大動科系教授朱有田在本片中說明,在國際自由貿易體制下, 畜牧業需發展自有優勢的豬種來達成市場區隔,餐館中受老饕喜愛的西班牙伊比利豬以及日本鹿兒島黑豬, 便是值得借鏡的例子。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">那台灣呢?</div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0912台灣屏東縣內埔鄉內埔22.6151342 120.5663201-5.6950996361788455 85.4100701 50.925368036178845 155.72257009999998tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-88838351591506106522021-06-30T11:51:00.010+08:002021-10-03T22:14:02.256+08:00屏東市/想念奔跑的日子嗎?來看小小孩踢球過過癮吧!<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1v9ZwHqMGjw" width="840" youtube-src-id="1v9ZwHqMGjw"></iframe></div><br /><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">想念揮汗奔跑的日子嗎?那麼來看猴仔運動俱樂部的小猴仔踢球過過癮吧!</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">在Comsport支持、屏東大學體育系林崇智號召下,運動俱樂部教練團由屏大學生所組成。教練們每每進到球場,見到滿面笑容奔跑而來的小猴仔,那些上課報告、校隊練球的疲倦感便一掃而空。</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">在俱樂部裡,所有人都在學習──孩子上秒回答教練聲聲好,下秒自創玩法玩不累,教練則要因應孩子的狀況,調整課堂內容。而當孩子盤帶球流暢、一氣呵成射門的時候,師生都獲得滿滿的成就感。至於最佳應援團則是場邊爸媽,水壺毛巾和打氣,愛的補給一應俱全。</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">有時場邊也可見到攝影師捕捉鏡頭,觀景窗後的他,原來是指導老師林崇智,他犀利的雙眼不僅捕捉小猴仔樂衷的神情,也記錄場上一切,提供教練團精進教學的建議。</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">球場的事說不盡,鈴聲響起暫且不說了,猴仔運動俱樂部上課囉!</div></div><p><br /></p>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0號, No. 4-18民生路屏東市屏東縣台灣 90022.6659053 120.5048409-31.98777610914339 50.192340900000005 77.31958670914338 -169.18265910000002tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-36295112482772249942021-06-30T11:19:00.009+08:002021-12-17T09:53:49.402+08:00屏東春日/這堂課,30位部落孩子和大人,與在2公里外的vuvu唱族語歌和玩遊戲,共度收穫滿滿的一天!<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Vr8k75HoBmA?start=37" width="840"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><div>◎文/陳品君</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">2020年夏天,趁著COVID-19疫情和緩之際,屏東春日力里附幼的孩子迎來期盼已久的校外旅行, 雖然旅行的終點只是在2公里外的力里社區文健站,不過大家可都是認真準備這趟旅程。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">行前經過師生不斷討論,孩子決定以自己的力量抵達力里。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">於是一班區分腳踏車隊、步行隊伍,隨行也有家長同行,大家從出校門以後,感受微風吹拂、蟲兒鳴叫,隊伍還不時傳出歌聲。順著力里溪的路碰著上下坡,大家也不疾不徐維持整隊,前頭的夥伴也不時望向後方加油打氣。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">還記得上集影片中,孩子從改班名以後歷經的許多事嗎?現在他們即將抵達目的地和vuvu分享這些好玩的事,邀請你一同加入吧!</div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0940台灣屏東縣春日鄉自強一路92號22.4277717 120.6284388-5.8824621361788445 85.4721888 50.738005536178846 155.7846888tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-86908530981184794532021-06-29T18:30:00.024+08:002021-10-03T11:58:09.892+08:00屏東春日/從獅子班到卜比豬班,近山的部落幼兒園從社區散步、改班名選舉來認識自己和部落!<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AlH767EVu64" width="840" youtube-src-id="AlH767EVu64"></iframe></div><p></p><p>◎文/陳品君</p><div style="text-align: justify;">上小學前,孩子在部落裡的幼兒園學些什麼?對屏東春日力里國小附設幼兒園裡的師生來說,到社區散步也是一堂課:無論是到鄰近的文建站找vuvu,在路上和準備收店的早餐店老闆打招呼,還有認識頭目家前面的排灣木雕圖騰,甚至是大聲唱出族語歌曲,孩子不僅親近了地方的人事物,也從關心與觀察周遭來認識自己。</div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">而孩子也從「改班名」來認識自己!力里附幼從第一屆就叫獅子班,孩子說:</div><div style="text-align: justify;">「真的很多人以為我們是獅子鄉的啊!」</div><div style="text-align: justify;">「獅子也不算是我們排灣族裡面特有的物種……」</div><div style="text-align: justify;">「這裡有獅子嗎?」「沒有,在動物園!」</div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">因為COVID-19疫情,師生減少出門,藉此討論下,「尋找自己」的課程便展開了,他們也認真看待「改班名」,包含提名、訂定規則、宣傳及舉辦投票,最後是象徵有力量、有勇氣、充滿活力的新班名──「pupicul(卜比豬)」出爐!</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">在改完班名後,小豬豬還學了編班歌、班徽、班旗、班書……這些充滿力里個性的課程,是來自師生不斷討論、孩子在學習區裡的探索,以及經由身體活動所逐漸形成。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">原來,小豬豬在幼兒園裡學到這麼多,那麼,來和他們一起共學吧!</div></div></div><br />陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0940台灣屏東縣春日鄉自強一路92號22.4277717 120.6284388-5.8824621361788445 85.4721888 50.738005536178846 155.7846888tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-45102602362415424222021-02-04T14:44:00.020+08:002021-09-19T10:47:45.485+08:00屏東佳冬/曾是日軍招待所 ,蕭屋洋樓將修繕<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlG5n4Le0mPoZEO1d9fyGrRpWY5_h1VGvqsUDW3U-X9Cnjz4jFfCwXBAIJk7vqRerm8J3J9ssyPk2WwcS8eXY0MOC7FJrgXdBP2FgC0mgnGvB4JXviIMqpOB2x_4uQlhNcMLupvUQhZ5c9/s2048/%25E8%2595%25AD%25E5%25B1%258B%25E6%25B4%258B%25E6%25A8%2593.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlG5n4Le0mPoZEO1d9fyGrRpWY5_h1VGvqsUDW3U-X9Cnjz4jFfCwXBAIJk7vqRerm8J3J9ssyPk2WwcS8eXY0MOC7FJrgXdBP2FgC0mgnGvB4JXviIMqpOB2x_4uQlhNcMLupvUQhZ5c9/w640-h426/%25E8%2595%25AD%25E5%25B1%258B%25E6%25B4%258B%25E6%25A8%2593.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span></div></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">在古色古香的佳冬蕭宅轉角處,矗立荒廢多時的「蕭屋洋樓」,與2004年便修復開放的蕭宅古蹟對街相望。這棟看來雜草橫生、牆面斑駁如同廢墟般的三層樓建築,最早是蕭家的馬鹿廄,日本時代改建為洋樓,是地方上冠蓋雲集的日軍招待所。</span></div><div><div><br /></div><div>「蕭屋洋樓」結構上以鋼筋混凝土為主要樑柱、空心磚則砌築牆體,內部隔間牆為日式木摺牆,揉合東西方建築風格。屏東縣文化資產保護所在2015年便啟動研究調查計畫,2018年縣府委託玉騰建築師事務所規劃設計,2019年登錄為歷史建築,2020年客家委員會補助經費,預計在2021年修繕。</div><div><br /></div><div>「蕭屋洋樓」不僅見證日本時代台灣建築的多元轉變,也見證一個家族站在歷史的浪頭上。歷經多年研調規劃,建物將迎來轉身蛻變、再現風華之日,同時也是深化洋樓內涵的機會。
</div><div><br /></div><div>(本文為《靛花》2021年立春號作品,原文刊載<a href="https://tienfa.tw/2021/02/23/%e8%95%ad%e5%b1%8b%e6%b4%8b%e6%a8%93%e5%8d%b3%e5%b0%87%e8%bf%8e%e4%be%86%e8%9b%bb%e8%ae%8a%e4%b9%8b%e6%97%a5/" target="_blank">於此</a>)</div></div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0931台灣屏東縣佳冬鄉22.4180684 120.5501196-5.8921654361788462 85.3938696 50.728302236178848 155.70636960000002tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-70640471689876323412021-02-03T07:53:00.041+08:002021-09-19T10:45:40.650+08:00屏東佳冬/佳冬國小啟用南棟新校舍,百年學校化身社區公園<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtKkDGU8c9kMZx_2uSMSxDvlOYy5DqgVRhtNT4cL_wr7rQWG_eQsF9hsslal5W_7FmBoKPFFE2fK06tQ9Nftk4dXPAAzGDEp0-JHpNXMJfaGVwrIe-DHLCuDn6eGpc1bag3aXaem_suOSq/s2048/%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E8%25B1%25A1%25E6%25BB%2591%25E6%25A2%25AF.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1360" data-original-width="2048" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtKkDGU8c9kMZx_2uSMSxDvlOYy5DqgVRhtNT4cL_wr7rQWG_eQsF9hsslal5W_7FmBoKPFFE2fK06tQ9Nftk4dXPAAzGDEp0-JHpNXMJfaGVwrIe-DHLCuDn6eGpc1bag3aXaem_suOSq/w640-h425/%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E8%25B1%25A1%25E6%25BB%2591%25E6%25A2%25AF.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君 </span></div><div>日本時代就創校的佳冬國小,在2020年末啟用新南棟校舍,學生終於結束在組合屋裡的學習時光,在新的一年搬進嶄新明亮的教室裡。新校舍有著福(蝠)氣意象的雙斜屋角、八卦門書卷窗造型的洗手檯、蝙蝠廣場等客家意象,陪伴孩子學習成長。</div><div><br /></div><div>隨著南棟校舍落成,還有「逍遙島」藝術裝置。鯨魚造型的「逍遙島」與校方刻意保留的大象滑梯呼應相望,是由藝術家李億勳使用馬賽克磁磚設計而成。仔細一看,鯨魚身上的紋路還包含鄉內常見的龍膽石斑、午仔魚以及蓮霧圖案。</div><div><br /></div><div>而在放學後以及假日,百年校園化身為社區公園,草木扶疏的綠景中,冬日穿過枝葉間灑下金黃陽光,成為在地居民運動、放鬆个靚靚所在。(<a href="https://tienfa.tw/2021/02/19/%e2%9c%bf-%e9%9d%9b%e8%8a%b1-tien-fa-003-%e7%ab%8b%e6%98%a5%e8%99%9f%e8%a9%a6%e9%96%b1/" target="_blank">本文為《靛花》2021年立春號作品</a>)</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFNpZKlklCL2N-PvA8W66KL9OBgFI0hS0vtCvberaTuhIpZkHNM03BOngTGgBj3cMST618vwyobAP90YILh9i5dkqrzAAC8sKNSigl41virJO42QI4FF-AyZAbRDqxBZLdLQv70Dh4iH0g/s2048/%25E9%25AF%25A8%25E9%25AD%259A.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFNpZKlklCL2N-PvA8W66KL9OBgFI0hS0vtCvberaTuhIpZkHNM03BOngTGgBj3cMST618vwyobAP90YILh9i5dkqrzAAC8sKNSigl41virJO42QI4FF-AyZAbRDqxBZLdLQv70Dh4iH0g/w640-h480/%25E9%25AF%25A8%25E9%25AD%259A.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0931台灣屏東縣佳冬鄉進學街150號22.421479 120.551877-5.888754836178844 85.395627 50.731712836178843 155.708127tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-50235272804504500982020-05-19T08:15:00.760+08:002021-08-08T16:21:28.751+08:00屏東竹田/為了守住老人家的健康與歡笑,濃情客家庄打造阿婆阿伯个快樂天堂!<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xyTEm_jC5dE?start=35" title="YouTube video player" width="840"></iframe><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span></span><div><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">想像一下,一個身體機能慢慢退化的老人家,他變得時常忘東忘西,有時候聽不懂別人表達的意思,對於他人不時的提醒感到懷疑,待人處事上也再三出錯,甚至影響與家人間的關係。</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">老人家一方面身體病痛不斷,一方面對於生活亂了步調感到情緒低落,種種的身心煎熬,上了年紀的長輩,難道只能接受這樣的自己嗎?位於屏東縣的一個客家村落,社區居民為了守住高齡與失智長者的健康與歡笑,正攜手為他們編織一張安全守護網。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div></div><div><b>自古鄰里守望相助,高齡友善社區</b><b>西勢打頭陣</b></div><div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">位於屏東縣竹田鄉的西勢社區,北接麟洛與萬丹鄉,這裡是以客家族群為主的聚落,屬於「六堆」之一,在清代,客家人曾在此保鄉衛土集結成隊(堆)。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">相中西勢社區自古以來鄰里守望相助的背景,縣政府希望可以營造這裡成為友善長者的示範社區。對六堆民眾來說,社區內的忠義亭不僅是先祖在清代出戰前的誓師地,也是現代感念先烈的祭祀場所,而忠義亭旁邊的客家文物館,則是民眾學習並傳承客家文化的根據地。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">從這兩個場所與老人文康中心為蛋黃區向外延伸,並以文物館內的樂智屋為基地,在政府資源挹注下,社區與學術、公務機關合作,不僅規劃友善環境與空間,也培訓居民和商家學習如何陪伴高齡與失智長者,以及面對自己的老後生活。 <br /></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>國中生從小旅行認識友善社區</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span> </span><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">2019年,屏東市區的公正國中學生,因參與「台灣設計展x屏東超級南—竹田西勢樂智友善社區小旅行」來到竹田鄉西勢村。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">一行人從西勢火車站出發後,導覽員阮鍾月英向他們介紹西勢車站在竹田鄉一帶交通上的重要性:「(車站)以前是比較舊的建築,因為配合(鐵路)高架的關係,所以都重新改建。我們西勢車站應該是(旅客)從內埔那邊過來的,還有竹田本身的,一個非常重要的交通地點。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">在這幾年鐵路高架化後,乘載村民記憶的西勢火車站,經由改建煥然一新。入口名為《等待》的3D地畫作品,重現一幕幕旅人離別或是回鄉的場景。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">離開西勢車站的隊伍前往下個定點,在過馬路時,行人專用號誌傳出一連串的人聲。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">「大哥大姐紅燈了,莫過喔! 大哥大姊綠燈了,可以過了!緊緊來。 」 全台灣只有在竹田西勢才看得到的「長輩版」行人專用號誌,不僅有小綠人牽著老綠人的動畫顯示,還放大倒數秒數字體,並且傳來縣長潘孟安的小心過馬路叮嚀聲,這些都是結合生活與科技的設計巧思。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">而在社區內的竹田國中則從2015年學期開始,在課堂中教導學生認識「變老」,以及如何與長者形成良善的互動關係。學校裡的九年級學生可以選修技藝教育課程,學習一學年的長期照顧課。而公正國中學生來到了長照體驗空間教室,透過穿戴輔具模擬身體退化後所帶來的不便。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;">竹田國中老師林翠玲說明活動的設計用意:「我們體驗(的輔助工具)就會造成其實身體很多的負擔,更何況是長者他們是真正面臨到身體的退化,而導致許多行動上的不方便,所以身為後輩晚輩的大家就要更多的耐心能夠聆聽長者的需求,做很好的陪伴者。」雖然十幾歲的孩子,對於50年後的人生不見得能夠想像,透過輔助工具讓他們能夠更貼近「老年生活」,同理長者的身心狀況。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>「老人幼稚園」陪伴長輩生活照顧</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">而下個定點則是「失智日照中心」,位在老人文康中心一樓,為認知障礙的長輩提供日間照顧服務。西勢日照中心主任許文楠介紹中心服務:「他們平常在這裡面生活、在這裡面有課程的訓練,在這裡面我們中午也會在這邊吃飯,中午吃飯完會短暫午休,接著下午的活動,傍晚前再安排交通車接送載他們回家,所以等於是我們俗稱在講『老人幼稚園』的意思。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">他進一步指出,長輩除了在中心內得到生活上的照顧與陪伴之外,還可以走出大門進入附近的公共場所,如地方居民聚集的忠義亭、客家文物館以及竹田國中裡面的共融遊具等。而當民眾、商家遇到與失智長者應對的問題,則可以通報日照中心或者警察局尋求協助。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">結束了這趟參訪活動,公正國中的同學對於西勢社區有進一步認識。 </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">公正國中學生許智傑:「我覺得竹田國中他們很用心,他們因為知道社區他們注重就是要小孩與老人的互動,所以他們就是有讓學生去體驗老人的感覺,更了解他們,他們之間的互動就比較好一點。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">公正國中學生鄒心靜:「我覺得老人中心的規劃很不錯,可以讓失智老人在那邊放輕鬆、休閒。那裡的小遊戲可以跟一些失智老人互動一下,讓那些失智老人增加知識。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">同學們以貼近長者的視野認識了這個客家聚落。而就像竹田國中老師林翠玲所說,學習如何照顧長輩,並不見得是要成為照服員,而是當我們回到家裡,知道如何與家中的長輩相處。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>未同住子女,透過「D+屏安福」連線長輩</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">在社區裡面,還能發現許多長輩都會拿著類似日本御守造型的「D+屏安福」,「屏安福」其實是一個能夠追蹤長者動態的智慧裝置。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">戴著屏安福的葉大姐走進候車亭,牆面LED燈亮起,也傳達到上頭的候車燈,通知即將行駛公車到來的司機。屏安福與智慧候車亭的搭配運用,除了讓民眾免於在路邊招手候車,降低用路危險,也提前告知司機因站內有候車民眾,進站前需變換車道,增加行車安全。而與屏安福綁定的手機使用者如長輩的家人,則會收到通訊軟體LINE的推播,獲知他們的乘車動態。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">負責「屏安福」軟體設計與營運的智慧時尚團隊,總經理張育銓家裡有近90歲的爺爺與外公,因此很能體會未與高齡長輩同住的子女,對他們自理生活的擔憂。他提到裝置的設計概念:「很多高齡健康長輩,他在戶外移動的時候,子女會擔心,其實會需要一個安心的通知,然後後來我們去接觸到才發現,原來如果有失智徵兆或者失智狀況的長輩,他的這種移動的狀態更加地敏感,因為他可能一不小心就會走失。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">智慧時尚股份有限公司是2011年自資策會數位服務創新研究所內部技轉育成,團隊成員具有10年以上物聯網(IoT)應用技術的經驗,「我們也跟屏東客運的公車結合在一起,所以長輩上了公車,(家人)就會收到通知,然後在哪一站下去也會收到通知。」張育銓說。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">智慧裝置綁定監看軟體且使用權限涉及長輩隱私,開發團隊又是如何思其中的問題呢?張育銓說明:「申辦者可以完完全全的指定這個卡片背後的個資,誰才能看到;沒有被開放的人,包含客服人員都看不到detail(細節)資料,這是在隱私權方面的控管。我們的客服人員在每一次不管是查詢、通知的時候,他的記錄也都會留下來。」而西勢日照中心因為有營運上的需求,團隊為他們開放了長者家屬以外的監看權限,中心的服務人員可以設定監看範圍。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">張育銓說明日照中心搭配這套裝置的使用情形:「日照中心裡面照護人力不夠,我如果要一直盯著所有長輩的話,其實很花人力,所以透過這個螢幕的話,我可以即時知道說,有沒有人離開,像這個人離開區域,(代表他的點)就會變成紅色,那他變成紅色之後,也會在LINE上面推播出來,說葉阿姨已經離開了這個building。接著我們就看到這個是戶外的地圖,所以葉阿姨她走到了戶外,我們就可以馬上看到她走到戶外的哪裡,所以我們就可以一路追蹤下去。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">而民眾葉淑招提到公公使用愛心手鍊和屏安福的對比:「他那時候有申請(愛心手鍊),他當下就是說這個不是他的東西,那他就直接扯掉、一藏——因為老人家會藏東西,他就藏在我們找不到地方,所以後面的時候我們就等於是把它取消掉,因為也覺得浪費國家資源,不然愛心手鍊應該也是可以當作守護的功能。(不過對於屏安福,)他可以接受,因為屏安福你看那麼漂亮,他認為帶出去,也有一個保護的作用。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">開發團隊因應長者使用習慣,除了「屏安福」造型設計款,還將定位晶片設計成可以放入健保卡的「卡匣款」;而鋰電池大小的「輕薄款」則可嵌入或放進老人家隨身攜帶的手錶、香火袋與平安符等。除此之外,團隊還搭配活動、集點贈獎的方式來提升長輩的配戴意願。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>不僅僅噓寒問暖,</b><b>友善店家致力把</b><b>社區長輩顧好顧巧</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div>在環境佈建以及空間營造有了輔助設施與工具之外,友善高齡社區還需要哪些人來一起努力呢?</div><div><br /></div><div>「大哥大姐在外頭累了,可以到我們店門口的椅子坐坐!」這樣的人情是台灣各地角落的美麗風景。而西勢竹田社區的幾位商家老闆,除了「奉坐」之外,還希望可以把街頭巷尾的長輩顧好顧巧,甚至落實在生活中的噓寒問暖,來聽聽兩位業者的分享!</div><div><br /></div><div>巷弄食堂業者黃小姐:「老人家來這邊玩、累了,店家可以讓他們休息不用消費。我們店家願意友善配合(公部門計畫)的話,我們就可以貼上那個(貼心椅)貼紙。(公部門)它不勉強,我覺得idea是很好的,造就一個平安村......像很多店家,在這裡都會貼上一個貼心椅,讓一些年長的長者......因為走路,難免腳會痠、膝蓋不好,我們都會請他進來這邊坐一下、乘涼一下、喝杯水。其他店家。幾乎大部分這裡每一個店家都有,大家每個店家都非常友善。」</div><div><br /></div><div><div>台灣失智症協會出版的《<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BxBHWlulXv_adVZDQTFYLUV1V2c" target="_blank">瑞智友善社區指引手冊</a>》描繪失智者的理想世界,是居民能了解失智症,並且能接納患者的失智行為給予適時協助。在友善的居民、商家及環境空間圍繞下,失智者能在社區安全快樂地生活,減輕家庭及社會的照顧壓力。而起源公部門計畫的西勢樂智園區,要能成為失智者的快樂天堂,便希望可以動員民眾與店家共同參與。</div><div><br /></div><div><b>商行老闆不僅店內招呼,還為長者</b><b>把關日常用品</b></div><div><br /></div><div>鄉下地方富有人情味,許多店家原本就會在店門口擺上幾張座椅。牆上貼紙標示「貼心椅」據點,更彰顯西勢社區努力朝向友善長者環境的目標。而龍門路上這家商行老闆,不只在店門口設置貼心椅,更將對長者的心意落實到平日的服務之中。</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>同利商行門口階梯雖然有三層,但是考量顧客多為社區長輩,店老闆陳宥銘還加裝扶手、止滑等設計,而他也舉例在日常服務如何招呼老人家。「比如說他們拿餅乾拿個太甜的,我會跟他說這可能不適合他;或者說太鹹的我就介紹另外一種給他們——就是不要添加太多東西的或太鹹、太甜的。」也有遇到失智長者光臨的情形,他會去電通知家屬一聲,先讓長者帶回商品,家屬再來付錢。</div><div><br /></div><div>而平時營運上,他還會特別注意幾件事情,像是每個月底一定會檢查商品,顧客要是吃到過期品可就對身體不好了;而他進貨則挑選國產大品牌,販賣地下工廠的產品雖然利潤高但他堅決不進貨。他也會對大哥大姐客人多加叮嚀,像是提醒使用乾燥筷子取用罐頭食品、開封後的食物要放進冰箱等。除了這些貼心叮嚀,我們還發現店裡擺了張hinoki(檜木)茶几桌,陳宥銘向我們分享店裡的加值服務。</div><div><br />同利商行老闆陳宥銘介紹入口一角:「這裡以前是一個店裡的特價區,哪個商品有做特價就陳列在這裡。我想說既然要規劃老人服務,就一定要選最好的地點,不能說我搬到後面去,老人這樣走進去那麼遠,他們感覺很不方便,所以用這個椅子桌子拿來這裡擺一些,這些全部都清空,那我擺一些煮茶具,還有泡咖啡、還有些點心,老人來都很喜歡來這裡。 」</div><div><br /></div><div>商家和住戶發展高齡友善社區的意願不一,仍在努力階段,陳宥銘期待團結力量大,有更多人能夠參與守護長者的的行列。</div><div><br /></div><div>而社區裡的一個小角落,還有一群居民集結起來,學習如何幫助長者以及自己如何面對「變老」。</div><div><br /></div><div><b>樂智屋裡的失智長者照護天使 </b></div><div><br /></div><div>位於客家文物館內的樂智屋,民眾可以從這裡獲得健康資訊及對於失智者的照護知識,平時有志工團成員輪班,服務來訪的民眾。</div><div><br /></div><div>蔡明吟認為社區民眾組成的志工團,是一群友善失智者的天使朋友。在他們透過數十堂課程具備照護失智症患者的基本知識之後,他們可以協助找尋隱藏在社區裡的失智者,比如個人可能有失智症,但是家屬並不清楚;或者個人有失智症的狀況,但家屬不讓他出門;或者是失智症患者出來社區,但可能社區裡的人因為對病症不了解而排斥病人等等狀況。</div><div><br /></div><div>蔡明吟提到這群志工的重要性:「我希望藉由他們——因為他們都在社區走跳,他們應該會很了解在這個社區裡面鄰居、長輩的狀況——希望能夠藉由我們告訴他們的知識,由他們再佈達下去給其餘的一些我們講沒接受過這方面資訊的人,讓這個社區可以變得更友善、對失智症長輩更友善。」</div><div><br /></div><div>蔡明吟也說明失智症是許多病症結合在一起,「有的人可能認知沒有很差,但是他有可能會出現在其他的問題;有的人可能認知非常差,但他肢體能力非常好,所以你就要知道要怎麼樣去就他的狀況去做調整,那沒有辦法處理的時候,治療師的角色就要進來,由我們的經驗告訴(志工)他們為什麼會這個樣子。」</div><div><br /></div><div>志工在對於失智症有初步概念後,蔡明吟希望他們可以實際運用,並且以不同的角度多方思考再不斷修正,找到一個最適合服務對象的照護方式。</div><div><br /></div><div>而這天剛好也有失智長者田爺爺來到樂智屋,在快下課的時候,藉由與長者的互動,大家討論什麼是「長者的懷舊」。</div><div><br /></div><div>蔡明吟倚向田爺爺說:「爺爺,要下課了,你剛剛說你有聽過『九條好漢在一班』,但你忘記了對不對?『九條好漢在一班』。」一旁的志工也說:「我們請你聽一條九條好漢好不好?你以前的歌耶!記得嗎?」</div><div><br /></div><div>見到長者沒反應,志工李富源則靠向他說:「爺爺,唱軍歌,可不可以——『九—條—好—漢—在—一—班—』 有沒有聽過 ?」田爺爺說:「這首歌我們部隊......我們那個單位沒有唱這個......」眾人一陣驚呼!</div><div><br /></div><div>李富源接著說:「你軍種什麼?你當什麼兵的?」田爺爺道:「 我啊......飛機修理廠。」李恍然大悟:「難怪沒有這首歌!這條歌是陸軍的。」</div><div><br /></div><div>他隨即用手機上網,在影音平台找了找、選定按下播放,音樂流瀉而出:</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: "Sawarabi Gothic";">緬懷先烈莫辜負創業艱辛 發揚光大尤賴我空軍軍人</span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: Sawarabi Gothic;">同志們努力 努力 矢勇矢勤 國祚皇皇萬世榮</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Sawarabi Gothic;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Sawarabi Gothic;">盡瘁為空軍 報國把志伸 哪怕風霜雨露 只信雙手萬能</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Sawarabi Gothic;">看鐵翼蔽空馬達齊鳴 美麗的錦繡河山 輝映著無敵機群</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Sawarabi Gothic;">我們要使技術發明日日新 我們要用血汗永固中華魂</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Sawarabi Gothic;">同志們努力 努力 同德同心 國祚皇皇萬世榮</span></div></div><div><br /></div><div>耳邊響起的背景音樂,是中華民國空軍軍歌軍歌。</div><div><br /></div><div>李富源問田爺爺:「對不對這條,有喔?你們唱的,這條你們唱的對不對?剛才我唱的不是你們唱的......」見到田爺爺微微頷首,蔡明吟問:「 那你會唱嗎?田爺爺說:「有些的就我忘記了細部。」聽了一會兒他又說,「我們啊.......我們管修理(飛機)的,修理不唱歌。」</div><div><br /></div><div>稍後蔡明吟提出其中的觀察與反思,他發現剛開始的時候,田爺爺對於眾人唱軍歌的詢問沒有太大反應,但是當李富源一播放空軍軍歌,就像是打開了田爺爺腦中的盒子,他告訴大家自己「從前是修理飛機的」。因此蔡建議可以從此延伸,把修理飛機可能使用到的器材如螺絲起子展示出來,相較於準備小朋友的玩具,這樣更能引起田爺爺的共鳴,蔡明吟舉例:「他能不能告訴我這根 loo-lái-bà(螺絲起子)他之前是拿來幹嘛,他可不可以教大家怎麼樣使用,那就是認知,對他來講,這就是他的懷舊。」</div><div><br /></div><div>在與田爺爺互動中,志工李富源感觸良多。他會想了解失智症照護知識,是因為從前父親在世時,因車禍飽受失智症困擾。他在樂智屋不只學到『失智不等於老化』,也更能同理失智長者。</div><div><br /></div><div>他指出:「來這邊以後,心態上你會慢慢改變,觀念上也會改變,長者他不是不願意配合,只是因為自從受傷以後或者失去這個記憶以後,指令到他們那邊沒有那麼快,可是照顧者會急,被照顧者他也想配合你,可是某些身體上的退化,失去了它的功能,或者他已經想做,失智的情形已經出來了,他不是不願意配合,只是他沒有辦法做。」</div><div><br /></div><div>蔡明吟說明平時課程概況便如今日一般,針對現場案例、學員居家照顧遭遇到的情況,或是過往經歷,大家以討論、分享的方式彼此回饋,她則從中指引。</div><div><br /></div><div>從鄰近村落而來的十多位志工,為西勢樂智園區注入一股活水,他們有人曾是醫護人員、有人有照護失智患者的經驗,有人則想更認識自己的老後生活。這群天使正孕育服務銀髮族群的能量,從個人向外延伸,鄰近也有日照機構與店家相呼應。</div><div><br /></div><div>而各方努力能否建立社區防護網,人人張臂擁抱失智家庭,甚至擴及鄰近社區與鄉鎮?我們拭目以待這座客家村落,有一天可以成為長者的快樂天堂。</div><div><br /></div><div>感謝(依首字筆畫排列):</div><div>民眾田先生</div><div>同利商行</div><div>成功大學人文社會科學中心博士後研究員盧紀邦</div><div>成功大學職能治療學系副教授張玲慧</div><div>竹田西勢樂智友善社區小旅行領隊玉霞</div><div>竹田西勢樂智友善社區小旅行導覽員阮鍾月英</div><div>竹田國中</div><div>西勢日照中心</div><div>客家文物館</div><div>屏東縣公正國中七年級康祝菁導師班</div><div>屏東縣政府衛生局</div><div>巷弄食堂</div><div>真美照相館</div><div>智慧時尚股份有限公司</div><div>民眾葉淑昭</div><div>竹田樂智屋志工團</div><div>竹田樂智屋志工李富源</div><div>職能治療師蔡明吟</div></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-40239851805636210212020-01-01T22:09:00.009+08:002023-03-21T22:45:02.602+08:00屏東內埔/半世紀不見的傳統歌舞動起來!從趒戲開始,老埤山腳人找回自己的名!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XSRS-h-nHZo" width="840" youtube-src-id="XSRS-h-nHZo"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><span style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</span><div><br /></div><div>為了幫老祖 Amumu過生日,
內埔老埤山腳人動起來!
<div><br /></div><div>早上族人先到西邊採埔姜編頭環;鄰近學校則召集孩子參與走鏢──跑跑跑、看誰體力好;村人也陸陸續續來到老祖祠,燃香和Amumu說說話。下午的祭典活動也是從這裡開始,在眾人祝禱之後,邀請 Amumu移靈廣場與大家同樂。</div><div><br /></div><div>此時場中央站著一群四五歲孩子,為了感恩 Amumu守護族人,孩子帶領大家跳四步舞。大夥兒跳著跳著,耆老從場邊吟唱古謠走出來;
來自南邊北部的族親也紛紛上場;主持人不時招呼場邊朋友加入──
歡樂氣氛持續到太陽下山告一段落,明年再相會。</div><div><br /></div><div>五年前,內埔山腳人少談起平埔馬卡道;五年後,不分你我在祭典趒戲、聽古謠。
</div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-18960348599112514742019-12-31T17:00:00.020+08:002023-03-21T22:44:51.440+08:00屏東內埔/解密老埤:山腳居民復振消失一甲子的馬卡道族祭典<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="472.5" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TJ4exKqYa4o?start=35" title="YouTube video player" width="840"></iframe><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2SIIJ1pSg9ila4VH_t77BhAeHgKPqCGFD0t5amEd4j56OGoeYbBGWZ8rTUvQBdsEFopMsQsQR92Awo3chY5ZhjFui1UYhRDsNcW7U-eQoivxtUFmbOeV_MUb-VbO-AC2calefganTtC7Y/s2048/01.jpg" style="display: inline; padding: 1em 0px;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2SIIJ1pSg9ila4VH_t77BhAeHgKPqCGFD0t5amEd4j56OGoeYbBGWZ8rTUvQBdsEFopMsQsQR92Awo3chY5ZhjFui1UYhRDsNcW7U-eQoivxtUFmbOeV_MUb-VbO-AC2calefganTtC7Y/s600/01.jpg" /></a></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;">實在是太久了、也找不到了,</div><div style="text-align: center;">所以說要復振這塊,</div><div style="text-align: center;">也跟時間在搶......跟時間在賽跑。</div><div style="text-align: center;">有的去問一問真的就過一段時間就不見了......就過世了。</div><div style="text-align: center;">所以有時候問到不敢去問啊!</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">但是就是從目前所留下來的比較急的,</div><div style="text-align: center;">其實還有一些人知道,</div><div style="text-align: center;">一些零零鎖鎖加起來,</div><div style="text-align: center;">應該可以把它復振起來!</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">——2019/11/7 老埤馬卡道文化協會理事長潘燕寶</div><div><br /></div><div> ◎文/陳品君</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">在來自屏東高樹加蚋埔、萬巒加匏朗等族親協助之下,約一甲子不再舉行的馬卡道族內埔老埤祭典,在農曆10月15日得以重現,轉眼來到第四年。</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">老埤村耆老潘明文回憶起半世紀前的祭典活動:「斬豬,箍做伙佇遐跳舞、佇遐斬豬。做酒是較早用秫仔秫米來做酒,像現在太白酒仝款,趒戲時一人啉一杯、一人啉一杯,團體這樣下去啉,在那裡箍做伙唱歌,唱到半途再下去斬豬。」(斬豬,還有圍在一起跳舞。製酒是用糯米製作,如同現在的太白酒。趒戲時一人喝一杯、一人喝一杯,好幾個人下去喝,圍在一起唱歌,唱歌到一半再去斬豬。)</div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">而耆老潘阿彩則憶起十幾歲時古謠,唱了幾句以後直說自己記不得了,旁人一句「你現在還唱得很好啊」,讓她展開了笑靨。</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>老埤村內石碑,反映百年前</b><b>原</b><b>客</b><b>閩</b><b>互動</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div>老埤村位於屏東縣內埔鄉東側,全台校園土地面積最大的屏東科技大學就在這裡。日治時期的老埤庄則包含現在的老埤、中林、龍泉等村莊範圍,這個區域,在兩百多年前的清治時期,是山區與平地間的通道口,村民除了以閩南與客家族群為主,根據學者研究,部分居民流有屬於南島民族的馬卡道族血緣。</div><div><br /></div><div>常駐內埔地區,研究台灣開發與族群關係廿多年的學者簡炯仁便認為,老埤地名中藏著消失已久的南島語言,他表示:「這个老埤,我相信這毋是講遮有個埤蓋老,不是,應該是平埔仔話,到尾仔漢人來,用漢字把它翻譯的——老埤Laopi。」</div><div><br /></div><div>19世紀的東港溪流域,從西南沿海到東部山區,先民為了在此生存,閩南、客家、平埔及山地族群間互有來往交涉。而位在村內五穀宮旁的「奉憲封禁古令埔碑」,反映當時三個族群在此爭取土地與水源空間數年,官府才結案立碑。碑上記錄,只准地方社民自行墾殖,嚴禁閩南和客家人占用古令埔地開墾耕作。簡炯仁認為是一個很重要的裁判,「在嘉慶20年(1815年)的時候,這個汪先生他裁判這樣以後,他們(地方社民)才有辦法保存在這裡。」</div><div><br /></div><div>老埤村的馬卡道族,有學者認為是源自清代文獻所指屏東平原八個番社「鳳山八社」中的下淡水社,下淡水社名可追溯自18世紀,簡炯仁說明:「𪜶本成是住佇萬丹番社,這馬叫香社。佇彼搭遐四周圍就是河洛人,所以𪜶攏講河洛話。」(下淡水社原本是住在萬丹番社,現在叫香社的地方,那裡周圍都是河洛人,所以他們都講河洛話。)</div><div><br /></div><div>原本在屏東平原生活的下淡水社人,兩白多年前因為謀生、開墾或守隘而往沿山一帶遷徙,與近山的客家族群當鄰居。<span> </span></div><div><br /></div><div>老埤村內除了奉憲封禁古令埔碑,離石碑不到100公尺的開基土地公「福德祠」,也反映了不同族群間的互動關係。簡炯仁比劃福德祠周圍邊說:「這是客家人的習俗,這叫做化胎。」「福德祠」被視為村子裡的第一座土地公廟,據村民說50、60年前,老一輩會在鄰近的廣場趒戲。</div><div><br /></div><div><b>與時間賽跑的「馬卡道族文化復振」</b></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">不過,並不是每個族群在不同時空背景下都能獲得平等對待,錯綜複雜的歷史與社會文化因素,導致老埤馬卡道人族的族群意識日漸薄弱,更多人否認先人戶籍謄本上的「熟」註記身分,甚至一生中沒有機會意識到自己的母文化。<span style="text-align: center;">老埤馬卡道文化協會理事長</span>理事長潘燕寶也是在20多年前為了處理家族的土地問題,才意外發現自己的真實血緣。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div>「為什麼我們在這邊住到一兩百年,為什麼土地所有權幾乎都是別人的?我會介入馬卡道這件事是從土地開始慢慢去著手,才知道我們是馬卡道族的一員。」潘燕寶認同了族群身分以後,回頭找尋、投入文化復振,「要復振這塊,也跟時間在搶......跟時間在賽跑。有的去問一問真的就過一段時間就不見了......就過世了。所以有時候問到不敢去問啊!但是就是從目前所留下來的比較急的,其實還有一些人知道,一些零零鎖鎖加起來,應該可以把它復振起來!」</div><div><br /></div><div><b><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 18.75px; white-space: pre-wrap;">馬卡道族/屏科大子弟/外省二代/菲律賓人,</span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 18.75px; white-space: pre-wrap;">都是內埔老埤人</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">隨著時空流轉,老埤村有來自各地的人口移居,從二戰後的退伍榮民,1920至50年代遷徙的北部客家人,以至於屏科大遷校後所帶來的就學與就業人口,另外也有異國婚姻下的新住民,除了回頭找尋古文書資料,在與其他族群互動交流中,潘燕寶還意外發覺馬卡道族與其他族群的連結性,比如村裡一位菲律賓人潘美瑪(Gamboa Vilma)。</div><div><br /></div><div>潘美瑪以流利的台語說明,馬卡道(Makatao)在菲律賓語裡面可以拆解為「maka」和「tao」,tao的意思是人、maka是從前的人。一旁的潘燕寶補充,對照協會整理的老埤古語資料,幾日前潘美瑪唸出菲律賓語1到10說法,當時他嚇了一跳,因為兩邊發音唸起來幾乎一樣。</div><div><br /></div><div><table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; 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</span>所載番語</span><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face="微軟正黑體, sans-serif">擬音老埤古語<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Isa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">塞塞壓<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">勞勞呷<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Tatlo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">直魯<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">大哆絡<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Apat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">口<span lang="EN-US">-</span>伊吧<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">踏八<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Lima<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">哩罵<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">阿里麥<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Anim<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">口<span lang="EN-US">-</span>伊臨<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">安臨<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Pito<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">秘都<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">哆哆<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">8<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Walo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">打盧<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">歸伯<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.45pt;" width="75">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Siyam<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">阿舍(舍依土音)<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" width="123">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><span face=""微軟正黑體",sans-serif">篤假<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
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</tbody></table></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>潘美瑪會接觸到馬卡道族事務,是因為夫家嬸嬸、老埤馬卡道文化協會理事蔡玉華的關係,「(馬卡道復振活動)今年三年了,我嬸嬸顧這咧(老祖祠),這咧較早廟蓋久沒什麼整理,我嬸嬸咧整理,所以我才會知影老埤有這个馬卡道。」</div><div><br /></div><div>蔡玉華提到居民對老祖祠的印象:「這間算我們老埤人攏蓋驚,像較早的人講老祖會抓,抓大漢囝媳婦,伊就會起來跳——會趒戲,𪜶(村民)攏較畏擾,因為伊彼咧袂像童乩會講話,伊都袂講話干焦會曉哭,所以(較早)人都較不敢入去拜。」</div><div><br /></div><div><b><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 18.75px; white-space: pre-wrap;">內埔近山鄉間小路的空地上,</span><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 18.75px; white-space: pre-wrap;">仔細一看竟有三間小廟</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div>在老埤村通往沿山公路的鄉間小路旁的空地相連三間小廟。蔡玉華原本都和村人一樣,初一、十五只會在面向大馬路的庄頭土地公廟祭拜,後來因緣際會,中間供俸馬卡道族先人的老祖祠以及左側的田頭土地公廟,她也會連同整理,而幾年前她還發起募款整修老祖祠,祠牆邊便貼著芳名錄。</div><div><br /></div><div>說起老祖祠與一般祭祀場所的不同,蔡玉華指著牆邊的「竹筢」,「這竹筢是較早人的厝裡,大家不要的都一直移出來,徙出來有的徙來佇遮囥。若囡仔佇厝囥若拜拜,囡仔若在耍耍到摸到,囡仔好像會無爽快,袂使烏白共伊摸。所以就按呢人較會攏共伊請出來佇遮歸放,有的人是請先生共伊化掉了。」不過她不清楚從前的人為什麼持有「竹筢」、用途為何。</div><div><br /></div><div>理事長潘燕寶補充,「以前我們這邊清朝的時候有聯庄祭典,一個竹筢代表一個部落。」他指出,有一定身分定位的人,才可以將竹筒掛上竹筢。竹筢上的竹筒是喝水的容器,一支竹筢有13個竹筒則代表13個庄,「我目前在做的,就是看十三聯庄能不能把它推廣出去,但是歷史久遠、資料上很少,所以我目前就是很積極要做這個,每天有空我就跑沿山,看能不能把祭典再找回來。」</div><div><br /></div><div>村民有心復振傳統文化,學校教育也走在路上。2017年泰安國小校方發表「馬卡道族文化教材」,每學期有80到160分鐘的本位課程,由校方結合社區長輩,從生活、飲食、歌謠、實地參訪、祭典參與,帶領學生一同認識地方文化。</div><div><br /></div><div>時任校長吳耀明表示,低年級由老師透過故事繪本引導有趣的馬卡道傳說與文化;中年級學生則進一步了解馬卡道的祭祀與生活,5、6年級則著重文化參與,深入參與祭典儀式等<span face="Arial, helvetica, 微軟正黑體, Geneva, "Heiti TC", 新細明體, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">。</span></div><div><span face="Arial, helvetica, 微軟正黑體, Geneva, "Heiti TC", 新細明體, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div><span face=""Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-size: 18.75px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>「你學會了嗎?」傳統四步舞一日教學</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div>學校除了有國小學生還有幼兒園小朋友,他們的表達能力或許不像學長學姊那麼流利,但在這年度的馬卡道祭典上,他們可是肩負舞步教學的重要任務。在村子裡的馬卡道祭祀活動前夕,屏東內埔泰安附幼的小小孩,要來和潘阿彩、潘俊貞阿嬤手牽手圍成一圈,學習跳傳統四步舞。</div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">老埤村80多歲的耆老潘阿彩,每每吟唱古謠,都將她拉回16歲的記憶之中,她笑說這還只是一小部分而已,當年老一輩即興吟唱起來,都不知何時結束。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">在跳舞之前,這群孩子已經和老師花了一年的時間,拜訪老祖祠好幾次,向本來不認識的阿公阿嬤問問題,來學習村落在好久好久以前的事。校長顏秀玲表示,幼兒園在107年學年度設計一連串馬卡道族主題課程,透過走訪、探察、訪問,師生將過程中的討論記錄下來,「他們的文字敘述是比較弱,因為是幼兒園,所以他們就用繪畫的方式。」孩子在過程中逐漸曉得了有守護他們的先人、神靈,和老祖祠裡會出現的供品,還畫出想像中老祖與仙女的樣子。</div><div><br /></div><div>而在期末的闖關活動,孩子也和家人一起來回顧學到的村落文化,當時參與該場成果展的老埤馬卡道文化協會總幹事林玉美深受感動,並向幼兒園提出邀請:「我就跟現場小朋友講,那我下次活動的時候,邀請你們當主角,來那個活動場,你們教大人跳舞。」林玉美安排幼兒園孩子的學習成果,展示在年度祭典的篷架內,而孩子則是在會場上教所有的觀眾來跳傳統舞。</div></div><div><br /></div><div><b>與時間賽跑,從「祭典」找回馬卡道</b></div><div><br /></div><div>文化進入孩子的教育,就像是斷掉的線頭再綁結接上,只是復振路上道阻且長,走在路上需要更多族親相互應和,而熱鬧滾滾的年度祭典,自然成為一個讓更多人親近與理解地方文化的場合。</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span>協會理事長潘燕寶感慨:</span>「『鳳山八社』在古文書裡面有註明很多,可是現在人可能是已經被隱藏,還是被某種程度的迫害還是怎麼樣,都不敢去承認自己的身分了,所以說利用這個祭典把這個族群意識把它突顯出來。」他在找尋歷史資料中,看見沿山曾有「十三聯庄」大型祭典,十幾個村庄居民來到某個村莊共同參與盛事。「目前一直想把十三聯庄把它再回復回來,去問沿山公路的族親,他們也都還有印象,所以說想利用這個時間連續去辦這個祭典,(更進一步再)把十三聯庄再串聯起來,有助於馬卡道的正名運動。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">不僅有認同族群血緣,以及說著閩南或客家話的村人參加,還有鄰近沿山部落的族親來共同響應。只是不會只是曲終人散的「馬卡道」,在哪裡?馬卡道族如何在年祭之外,在日常生活中尋回母文化?老埤馬卡道文化協會除了藉著一次次的年祭,召喚族人記憶、突顯族群意識,也期待未來能與學者專家連結,考證族群史料,建構地方知識。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div></span></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-55403268107537963062019-10-01T17:20:00.022+08:002021-06-26T22:01:23.312+08:00水果王國的未來之星(下)/少蟲害、低人工,專家推薦有機栽培——投入「新興果樹」前這些報你知!<div> ◎文/陳品君</div><div><br /></div><div>隨著氣候暖化,熱帶果樹前景可期,然而從種下樹苗到採收,農民必須耐得住性子。依栽種方式差異,黃金果結果需要2到5年、榴槤蜜能夠採收要等上3到6年、紅毛丹則是2.5到6年才有果子採,甚至也有農家種下樹苗後,望穿秋水10年都還盼不到一顆果實──種植時間拉長、收穫變數增加,誰也無法保證未來果樹的經濟價值。</div><div><br /></div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div>農業試驗所所熱帶園藝試驗分所副研究員劉碧鵑表示:「種這些新東西的農民是先驅還是先烈?他有可能失敗,承受的風險很大。」由於新興果樹需適應環境的不確定性,目前農家大多少量試種。不過沒有太多病蟲害、不太需要噴農藥,加上低度人工作業等特質,吸引不少退休後的銀髮族栽種或是一般民眾活化閒置土地使用。</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Kox3ZiHppeXOiYBhyphenhyphenUQbWfq8c4hIKVk8JfHPwN8Xwuhaxpt_6NyQetTl0WTKYkhyphenhyphenmLLSvKVJDn__isb6xza9HLY88GDYoJzdJFOA5fmuU3piDaNefAyNTtoySP8ceqolQGjdCGyqhC2X/s2048/%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E8%25A9%25A6%25E6%2589%2580%25E9%25B3%25B3%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E5%2588%2586%25E6%2589%2580%25E5%2589%25AF%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%2593%25A1%25E5%258A%2589%25E7%25A2%25A7%25E9%25B5%2591%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Kox3ZiHppeXOiYBhyphenhyphenUQbWfq8c4hIKVk8JfHPwN8Xwuhaxpt_6NyQetTl0WTKYkhyphenhyphenmLLSvKVJDn__isb6xza9HLY88GDYoJzdJFOA5fmuU3piDaNefAyNTtoySP8ceqolQGjdCGyqhC2X/s600/%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E8%25A9%25A6%25E6%2589%2580%25E9%25B3%25B3%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E5%2588%2586%25E6%2589%2580%25E5%2589%25AF%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%2593%25A1%25E5%258A%2589%25E7%25A2%25A7%25E9%25B5%2591%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">新興果樹專家、農試所鳳山分所副研究員劉碧鵑。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(攝影/陳品君) </div><div><br /></div><div><b>栽種方式?我想種,怎樣取得苗源?</b></div><div><br /></div><div>屏科大農園系教授顏昌瑞分析,比起泰國、印尼、馬來西亞粗放作業,台灣栽培熱帶果樹管理較為精緻,像是以疏果留存品質較好的果實,也有產期調節面對市場供應,而台灣農民跟研究機關不斷改良品種及技術,結出來的果子又大又甜,「這也是現在東南亞跟大陸幾乎採用我們品種跟栽培技術的原因。」</div><div><br /></div><div>想要維持較好的品種、提高存活率以及縮短果樹幼年期,顏昌瑞建議採用嫁接繁殖,像是紅毛丹、榴槤蜜。「黃金果可以用實生苗,種籽播下去大概一年半到兩年就結果,但會有點變異的情況,算是還可以接受的範圍。」</div><div><br /></div><div>顏昌瑞也提醒有意嘗試種植的農友,因為產業特殊性,新興果樹種苗常淪為苗商炒作工具。「有一陣子我不敢辦觀摩會,因為只要辦觀摩會,過一年之後種苗價格就炒起來了,本來一棵200塊變成2000塊。水果就是水果,不要把它當作炒作工具,栽培者也要有這種概念,不需要買到一棵2000、3000塊的種苗。」</div><div><br /></div><div>顏昌瑞建議農友,購買種苗前除了做好功課、貨比三家,也可先從公信力較高的學術研究機關如農試所、農改場或是大專院校農業推廣委員會,取得少量種苗試種。 </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpkI7n5hJ4YcNfUNSOmTAbkcaRFeDp9wFQzaGPF_YhA8OCSS2vMR2zswtrZtO0Q_-8S2w80pi8fxB_YYBd7ZpxxbsId8dmLObAb1oZkhymW6MD4lRvqcjar_WlzTBRdgN0fHqJr05yNFUc/s2048/%25E9%25A1%258F%25E6%2598%258C%25E7%2591%259E%25E8%25AA%258D%25E7%2582%25BA%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%2596%25B0%25E8%2588%2588%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%25A8%25B9%25E4%25B8%258D%25E8%25A9%25B2%25E6%2588%2590%25E7%2582%25BA%25E8%258B%2597%25E5%2595%2586%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%2582%2592%25E4%25BD%259C%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E5%2585%25B7%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%258F%2590%25E9%2586%2592%25E6%259E%259C%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E4%25B8%258D%25E9%259C%2580%25E8%25B3%25BC%25E8%25B3%25A3%25E5%2583%25B9%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E9%2581%258E%25E9%25AB%2598%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25A8%25AE%25E8%258B%2597%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E7%25A7%2591%25E6%258A%2580%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25AD%25B8%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpkI7n5hJ4YcNfUNSOmTAbkcaRFeDp9wFQzaGPF_YhA8OCSS2vMR2zswtrZtO0Q_-8S2w80pi8fxB_YYBd7ZpxxbsId8dmLObAb1oZkhymW6MD4lRvqcjar_WlzTBRdgN0fHqJr05yNFUc/w640-h426/%25E9%25A1%258F%25E6%2598%258C%25E7%2591%259E%25E8%25AA%258D%25E7%2582%25BA%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%2596%25B0%25E8%2588%2588%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%25A8%25B9%25E4%25B8%258D%25E8%25A9%25B2%25E6%2588%2590%25E7%2582%25BA%25E8%258B%2597%25E5%2595%2586%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%2582%2592%25E4%25BD%259C%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E5%2585%25B7%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%258F%2590%25E9%2586%2592%25E6%259E%259C%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E4%25B8%258D%25E9%259C%2580%25E8%25B3%25BC%25E8%25B3%25A3%25E5%2583%25B9%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E9%2581%258E%25E9%25AB%2598%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25A8%25AE%25E8%258B%2597%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E7%25A7%2591%25E6%258A%2580%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25AD%25B8%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">顏昌瑞提醒有意種植新興水果的農友應貨比三家,</div><div style="text-align: center;">避免購買到價格受到有心人士操弄的樹苗。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/屏東科技大學) </div><div><br /></div><div><b>延續少病蟲害優勢,免於走上惡性循環</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>如何維持新興果樹「較少病蟲害」的優勢,也是自然環境交給農人的功課。顏昌瑞回憶30年前剛開始研究紅龍果時並沒有什麼病蟲害問題,但現在現在越來越嚴重,「農民在栽培管理的時候施肥不當、噴藥又噴多,導致害蟲產生抗藥性。」</div><div><br /></div><div>顏昌瑞說:「以前許多農民一有病蟲害就噴藥,現在經過宣導之後,大家可能慢慢地知道病蟲害生態──其實你只要抓對時間噴藥就會比較好控制。」近幾年,產官學倡導農民友善環境耕作,也利於新興水果免於走上惡性循環一途。</div><div><br /></div><div>顏表示:「有機栽培上我們也會推薦這些新的水果,病蟲危害較少,比較好管理。」廖俊盛對於黃金果栽培採自然農法,他說:「我們每個月要噴甲殼素、放線菌、枯草桿菌實施生物防治,我們在前面一端就防治好,不做後面噴灑農藥一端。」</div><div><br /></div><div><b>新興水果多自產自銷,產銷班走履歷驗證</b></div><div><br /></div><div>榴槤蜜、黃金果與紅毛丹目前市場單價高,業者走的多是自產自銷、網路宅配,也有少部分水果進入拍賣市場,要有市場競爭力、突顯產品價值,取得標章或驗證也是一條途徑。</div><div><br /></div><div>催生農糧署與農試所建立黃金果與榴槤蜜「台灣良好農業規範」(Taiwan Good Agriculture Practice, TGAP)的一群人,是來自屏東潮州果樹產銷班第31班班員。班員多是公教職員退休,2010年一次高雄六龜果園參訪後,大夥兒興起種植榴槤蜜、黃金果的念頭。為提高水果品質,產銷班協請農試所鳳山分所編寫TGAP,後來榴槤蜜和黃金果遵從TGAP標準化作業流程及模式生產,皆獲得農產品產銷履歷驗證。</div><div><br /></div><div> 「我們每年還會辦理農業觀摩及兩次大型農業栽培技術研習。」班員羅秀美提到在觀摩過程中吸取別人經驗,也會聘請國內學者專家來到產銷班講解栽培技術。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYE9eGx-odDXmru_gbH9PSImReLWmEYUfpa2iC6Tfnc2IWL-FX45I7z7USvGd2EPGj0qTX1ItZVU5RiIzs2fIH_SPZgVZ98ih7JIlGYJeX5wzVbR8nJfCkC69uQ02CeybpKafv03mFdSyo/s2048/%25E6%25BD%25AE%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%259E%259C%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E7%25BE%2585%25E7%25A7%2580%25E7%25BE%258E%25E6%2589%2580%25E5%25B1%25AC%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%25A8%25B9%25E7%2594%25A2%25E9%258A%25B7%25E7%258F%25AD%25E7%25AC%25AC31%25E7%258F%25AD%25E4%25BF%2583%25E6%2588%2590%25E9%25BB%2583%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259E%259C%25E8%2588%2587%25E6%25A6%25B4%25E6%25A7%25A4%25E8%259C%259C%25E3%2580%258C%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E8%2589%25AF%25E5%25A5%25BD%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%25A5%25AD%25E8%25A6%258F%25E7%25AF%2584%25EF%25BC%2588TGAP%25EF%25BC%2589%25E3%2580%258D%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AB%258B%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYE9eGx-odDXmru_gbH9PSImReLWmEYUfpa2iC6Tfnc2IWL-FX45I7z7USvGd2EPGj0qTX1ItZVU5RiIzs2fIH_SPZgVZ98ih7JIlGYJeX5wzVbR8nJfCkC69uQ02CeybpKafv03mFdSyo/w640-h480/%25E6%25BD%25AE%25E5%25B7%259E%25E6%259E%259C%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E7%25BE%2585%25E7%25A7%2580%25E7%25BE%258E%25E6%2589%2580%25E5%25B1%25AC%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%25A8%25B9%25E7%2594%25A2%25E9%258A%25B7%25E7%258F%25AD%25E7%25AC%25AC31%25E7%258F%25AD%25E4%25BF%2583%25E6%2588%2590%25E9%25BB%2583%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259E%259C%25E8%2588%2587%25E6%25A6%25B4%25E6%25A7%25A4%25E8%259C%259C%25E3%2580%258C%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E8%2589%25AF%25E5%25A5%25BD%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%25A5%25AD%25E8%25A6%258F%25E7%25AF%2584%25EF%25BC%2588TGAP%25EF%25BC%2589%25E3%2580%258D%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E7%25AB%258B%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">潮州果農羅秀美所屬的果樹產銷班第31班促成黃金果與榴槤蜜「台灣良好農業規範(TGAP)」建立。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(攝影/陳品君) </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>台東果農廖俊盛生產的黃金果則以網路宅配為主要通路。他的銷售策略是不要進到市場批發,拉低自家產品價格,「我們果樹採用成本較高的自然農法,果實拿到市場,價格會被打成和採用慣行農法的價格一樣,所以說我們不要進到市場銷售,寧願比較不好或是生產過剩的果實做成醋酒、酵素。」</div><div><br /></div><div>廖俊盛不僅提高種植成本,也採用較好的資材包裝,讓碩大的亮黃鮮果呈現在顧客面前,廖俊盛自產的高品質黃金果宅配售價,可以比起市場批價至少高上2倍。</div><div><br /></div><div><b>新興水果熱,農政單位是否加碼推廣?</b></div><div><br /></div><div>除了農友自產自銷,農政單位是否加碼推廣新興水果?服務於屏東九如鄉農會推廣部的龔泰安指出其中矛盾:「現在誰都不敢說『我要推廣什麼』,因為很沉重,講這句話人家檢視你一輩子──不是今年很好就代表你成功,一段時間後任何一個因素把市場價格打下來,人家就會拿出來檢討你當初講推廣什麼很好這件事。」 </div><div><br /></div><div>他在自家園子試種紅毛丹、黃金果、黃金山竹、龍貢、白柿等熱帶果樹,農友有興趣他便分享經驗加以協助。後續再因為媒體與網路曝光吸引客戶上門,龔泰安樂於居中牽線,協助年長的叔伯嬸姨銷售產品,每年農會在鄉內舉行的台灣蘭花節,也可見九如農家種植的新興水果發表與展示。</div><div><br /></div><div>在農試所工作內容包含推廣業務的劉碧鵑也頗有感觸:「農政單位其實推廣種什麼都不對,萬一以後出現像紅龍果產銷失衡的問題,人家又會說『當初都是你在推,你要保證價格收購』。」她界定自己是農民的諮詢對象,農民找上她時,她會清楚告知種植風險,而農民應承擔選擇後的好壞。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1K4MQeFwpgSb3PPDFoTF223Vx6dhBqrgdoxrrlMvpk9nhv24ZFFZJWGJxReQ6STayxXBF5hnN-gmSL8lrqGk7ZoM_f-FI5tnLNJfkALofuOw3sF0aU2nIt1nh_GX_tzRplEgldAxUMjZw/s2048/%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E4%25B9%259D%25E5%25A6%2582%25E9%2584%2589%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E6%258E%25A8%25E5%25BB%25A3%25E9%2583%25A8%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E4%25BB%25BB%25E9%25BE%2594%25E6%25B3%25B0%25E5%25AE%2589%25E5%258D%2594%25E5%258A%25A9%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%258F%258B%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%25AA%25B3%25E6%25A6%2594%25E8%25BD%2589%25E4%25BD%259C%25E7%25A8%25AE%25E6%25A4%258D%25E6%25A6%25B4%25E6%25A7%25A4%25E8%259C%259C%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%25A8%25B9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1K4MQeFwpgSb3PPDFoTF223Vx6dhBqrgdoxrrlMvpk9nhv24ZFFZJWGJxReQ6STayxXBF5hnN-gmSL8lrqGk7ZoM_f-FI5tnLNJfkALofuOw3sF0aU2nIt1nh_GX_tzRplEgldAxUMjZw/w640-h426/%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E4%25B9%259D%25E5%25A6%2582%25E9%2584%2589%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E6%258E%25A8%25E5%25BB%25A3%25E9%2583%25A8%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E4%25BB%25BB%25E9%25BE%2594%25E6%25B3%25B0%25E5%25AE%2589%25E5%258D%2594%25E5%258A%25A9%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%258F%258B%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%25AA%25B3%25E6%25A6%2594%25E8%25BD%2589%25E4%25BD%259C%25E7%25A8%25AE%25E6%25A4%258D%25E6%25A6%25B4%25E6%25A7%25A4%25E8%259C%259C%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%25A8%25B9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">屏東九如鄉農會推廣部主任龔泰安協助農友自檳榔轉作種植榴槤蜜。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(攝影/陳品君)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>先做功課降低種植風險</b></div><div><br /></div><div>農民若想降低種植新興水果風險,除了先做功課,找對諮詢對象、接受正確資訊也很重要。顏昌瑞表示,各區農業改良場、農試所以及大專院校農業系所都是可以聯繫的諮詢單位,如果想要系統學習相關知識,則可以報名農民學院課程,或是如地方政府開設的屏東農業大學以及雲林農民大學。</div><div><br /></div><div>提到傳統水果的惡性循環,曾被視為明日之星的紅龍果可是殷鑑不遠的例子。自2009年起,紅龍果每年種植面積及產量節節攀高,近10年增加2000多公頃,2016交易年均價來到每公斤53.3塊最高峰後大幅走下坡,2018年僅剩32.4元,屢被點名為「下一個崩盤水果」。</div><div><br /></div><div>逐漸量產的新興水果怎樣避免走上紅龍果老路?顏昌瑞提出解方:「第一,產量增加到一定程度應該適可而止;第二,發展二級產業加工;第三,盡量嘗試外銷。」他解釋,水果產量上限會隨著加工發展或外銷管道調節,但單就內需市場消耗量是固定的,農民可多參照歷年市價調整產量。</div><div><br /></div><div>種植黃金果的廖俊盛,儘管鮮果銷路不成問題,仍積極進行加工分散風險。黃金果因富含鐵質,使得過熟或輕微的碰撞容易使果肉變色,為了將次級品善加利用,廖俊盛研發黃金果精華液、面膜、醋酒與酵素。「我從事過汽車銷售,對於產業升級比較了解,應用在回來務農,讓大家知道農民其實是可以這樣經濟開發的。」</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPHrg8jRhk-7naP2BkZTFyZDrYknnIjj2JT80i4f2M1rmVAn0X9zWZAnlR-hL4F7-hwISMCVQN0jYITrz_A-O_tZc68dHheNhScRwQuj1ltaTAqEnbdzXW4dEPVmbltyu6U7mD11ldfHo2/s1308/%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%258A%25B7%25E5%2594%25AE%25E8%2583%258C%25E6%2599%25AF%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%25BB%2596%25E4%25BF%258A%25E7%259B%259B%25E5%2590%2591%25E7%25B6%2593%25E6%25BF%259F%25E9%2583%25A8%25E7%2594%25B3%25E8%25AB%258B%25E8%25A8%2588%25E7%2595%25AB%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B0%2587%25E9%2599%2584%25E8%25BF%2591%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E8%2588%2587%25E8%2587%25AA%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E7%2594%25A2%25E5%2593%2581%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%2599%25BC%25E5%258A%25A0%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2595%2586%25E5%2593%2581%25E8%25B2%25A9%25E5%2594%25AE%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25BB%2596%25E4%25BF%258A%25E7%259B%259B%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1308" data-original-width="1252" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPHrg8jRhk-7naP2BkZTFyZDrYknnIjj2JT80i4f2M1rmVAn0X9zWZAnlR-hL4F7-hwISMCVQN0jYITrz_A-O_tZc68dHheNhScRwQuj1ltaTAqEnbdzXW4dEPVmbltyu6U7mD11ldfHo2/w612-h640/%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%258A%25B7%25E5%2594%25AE%25E8%2583%258C%25E6%2599%25AF%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%25BB%2596%25E4%25BF%258A%25E7%259B%259B%25E5%2590%2591%25E7%25B6%2593%25E6%25BF%259F%25E9%2583%25A8%25E7%2594%25B3%25E8%25AB%258B%25E8%25A8%2588%25E7%2595%25AB%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B0%2587%25E9%2599%2584%25E8%25BF%2591%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E8%2588%2587%25E8%2587%25AA%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E7%2594%25A2%25E5%2593%2581%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%2599%25BC%25E5%258A%25A0%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2595%2586%25E5%2593%2581%25E8%25B2%25A9%25E5%2594%25AE%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25BB%2596%25E4%25BF%258A%25E7%259B%259B%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="612" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">有銷售背景的廖俊盛向經濟部申請計畫,</div><div style="text-align: center;">將附近農家與自家產品研發加工成商品販售。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/廖俊盛)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>他國大力投入經費研發,台灣新興果樹需更多支持</b></div><div><br /></div><div>儘管台灣農民跟研究機關不斷改良品種及技術品種,但顏昌瑞感嘆,這方面的研究並不容易,「我們以前跟農政單位推薦不錯水果要來做研究,但經常計畫都是拿不到經費,得用其他經費來補充新興果樹研究。」</div><div><br /></div><div>顏昌瑞舉例,1990年代曾提出紅龍果的研究計畫,當時承辦人回答「那是沒有希望的水果」,奉勸他不要研究。「後來越南、中國大陸……這麼多的地方都在種紅龍果,你說沒有希望嗎?不可能沒希望!可是那時候農政機關就告訴你說沒希望,不給計畫經費。」</div><div><br /></div><div>「幾年前到貴州,有個試驗所所長跟我說,地方政府10年來花了1億台幣支持紅龍果經費研究。」顏表示,許多過去引入台灣技術與品種的國家正投入國家資源迎頭趕上,對照國內學術研究單位人員、經費縮減以及行政事務增加,台灣新興果樹技術在國際間的優勢地位只怕會大不如前。</div><div><br /></div><div>「民間走在前面的」新興果樹,品種與栽培技術受到國際肯定,如何保持既有優勢,甚至未雨綢繆避免掉入傳統水果產銷上的惡性循環,則是農政單位的「新興功課」,如何以更開放的思維促進產業良性發展,也是產官學應該正視並攜手面對的課題。</div><div><br /></div><div>(本文為作者任職《上下游新聞》期間發表作品〈想投入熱帶水果必看!買苗找對單位,嫁接品質較好,學者:國家應投入經費研發〉,原文刊載<a href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/124318/" target="_blank">於此</a>)</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: #38761d; color: white; font-size: 20px; line-height: 36px; text-align: justify;"> Previous </span><span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: 20px; line-height: 36px; text-align: justify;"> </span></div><div><a href="https://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2019/10/blog-post.html" target="_blank">水果王國的未來之星(上)/紅毛丹、榴槤蜜、黃金果之外,這些水果台灣也吃的到</a></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-38450970552038712272019-10-01T07:39:00.003+08:002021-06-26T22:02:42.793+08:00水果王國的未來之星(上)/紅毛丹、榴槤蜜、黃金果之外,這些水果台灣也吃的到<div>◎文/陳品君</div><div><br /></div><div>紅龍果、紅毛丹、榴槤蜜、黃金果、星蘋果、巴西櫻桃、白柿、嘉寶果,這些近幾年在台灣各地慢慢培育起來的新型水果,你吃過哪些?
這些水果是經過試種與研究,2011年由學者劉碧娟、顏昌瑞提出適合在台灣種植的熱帶果樹,其中只有紅龍果是今日在大賣場、菜市場常見的水果,也反映新興水果在市場上仍待開拓。<div><br /></div><div>以學者評估未來可商業栽培的潛力水果──紅毛丹、榴槤蜜、黃金果為例,新興果樹帶給台灣農業哪些機會?這些水果有哪些潛力? </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisPtIqyxP2frtdkHF1IQdMPdtI7HR2HF3RrUtOBFpmQ7EynzSbcbWmMSGj_NfMrVHBdm1jBseHpk3gepF7O_X0oJClVxdxkxg72JRoNq51QXywln2AryhIdlxepYQAGalpe9ZQFPrcUs3X/s2048/%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%258D%2597%25E9%2583%25A8%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%259C%2592%25E8%25B6%258A%25E4%25BE%2586%25E8%25B6%258A%25E8%2583%25BD%25E7%259C%258B%25E8%25A6%258B%25E5%258E%259F%25E7%2594%25A2%25E6%2596%25BC%25E6%259D%25B1%25E5%258D%2597%25E4%25BA%259E%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25B4%2585%25E6%25AF%259B%25E4%25B8%25B9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisPtIqyxP2frtdkHF1IQdMPdtI7HR2HF3RrUtOBFpmQ7EynzSbcbWmMSGj_NfMrVHBdm1jBseHpk3gepF7O_X0oJClVxdxkxg72JRoNq51QXywln2AryhIdlxepYQAGalpe9ZQFPrcUs3X/s600/%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%258D%2597%25E9%2583%25A8%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%259C%2592%25E8%25B6%258A%25E4%25BE%2586%25E8%25B6%258A%25E8%2583%25BD%25E7%259C%258B%25E8%25A6%258B%25E5%258E%259F%25E7%2594%25A2%25E6%2596%25BC%25E6%259D%25B1%25E5%258D%2597%25E4%25BA%259E%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25B4%2585%25E6%25AF%259B%25E4%25B8%25B9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">台灣中南部果園越來越能看見原產於東南亞的紅毛丹。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(攝影/陳品君)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>台灣是水果寶島,氣候暖化有助榴槤蜜繁衍</b></div><div><br /></div><div>「熱帶、亞熱帶、溫帶的果樹大多可以在台灣找到地方種,栽培環境上沒有太大問題。」果樹專家、屏科大農園系教授顏昌瑞表示,台灣是生產水果的寶島,兩、三百年來都有如芒果、蓮霧、芭樂、釋迦等外來水果陸續引進台灣,逐漸適應氣候與土壤而穩定栽培。</div><div><br /></div><div>受到氣候暖化影響,新興熱帶果樹在台灣的生長環境上,「氣候」與「天氣」既是機會也是威脅。以原產馬來西亞及印尼一帶的榴槤蜜為例,最適宜生長溫度為年均溫27至31℃,台灣氣候變遷推估資訊與調適知識平台顯示,歷年恆春測站測得年均溫在2015年首次突破26 °C,近年來在中南部鄉村逐漸可以看得到這些熱帶果樹。</div><div><br /></div><div>早在1990年代,農業委員會農業試驗所鳳山熱帶園藝試驗分所(下稱「農試所鳳山分所」)就已引進榴槤蜜,但因為台灣偶有寒流,幼株無法順利越冬存活下來,近幾年透過嫁接技術,利用對台灣氣候適應較強的波羅蜜為砧木,才逐漸試種成功。雖然氣候暖化賦予榴槤蜜在台灣生長的機會,但一旦有持續幾天的低溫出現,幼株還是可能無法耐寒而死去。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibVJTpDYNCM0hDkni7AF0zj5lF62Acx2fOSLYe6BEHE6d7oAB4uoIiEz-PKKL6DLSjzZGckQ5fUzR-R4WpaaDKcSOJClgh5IXoZk8cxtmrAhdFZboNUDZ9qlvdDFisEHBaLXgBYSAFH2bo/s2048/%25E8%25BF%2591%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E4%25BE%2586%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E9%2584%2589%25E6%259D%2591%25E4%25B8%258D%25E5%25B0%2591%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E6%25AA%25B3%25E6%25A6%2594%25E8%25BD%2589%25E4%25BD%259C%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%25A8%25B1%25E5%25A4%259A%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E9%2581%25B8%25E6%2593%2587%25E7%25A8%25AE%25E6%25A4%258D%25E5%25A6%2582%25E6%25A6%25B4%25E6%25A7%25A4%25E8%259C%259C%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%25BB%2583%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259E%259C%25E7%25AD%2589%25E5%25A5%25BD%25E7%25AE%25A1%25E7%2590%2586%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%2596%25B0%25E8%2588%2588%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%25A8%25B9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibVJTpDYNCM0hDkni7AF0zj5lF62Acx2fOSLYe6BEHE6d7oAB4uoIiEz-PKKL6DLSjzZGckQ5fUzR-R4WpaaDKcSOJClgh5IXoZk8cxtmrAhdFZboNUDZ9qlvdDFisEHBaLXgBYSAFH2bo/w640-h480/%25E8%25BF%2591%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E4%25BE%2586%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E9%2584%2589%25E6%259D%2591%25E4%25B8%258D%25E5%25B0%2591%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E6%25AA%25B3%25E6%25A6%2594%25E8%25BD%2589%25E4%25BD%259C%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%25A8%25B1%25E5%25A4%259A%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E9%2581%25B8%25E6%2593%2587%25E7%25A8%25AE%25E6%25A4%258D%25E5%25A6%2582%25E6%25A6%25B4%25E6%25A7%25A4%25E8%259C%259C%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%25BB%2583%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259E%259C%25E7%25AD%2589%25E5%25A5%25BD%25E7%25AE%25A1%25E7%2590%2586%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%2596%25B0%25E8%2588%2588%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%25A8%25B9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">近年來屏東鄉村不少農家檳榔轉作,</div><div style="text-align: center;">許多人選擇種植如榴槤蜜、</div><div style="text-align: center;">黃金果等好管理的新興果樹。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(攝影/陳品君)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>天時地利的風土條件,孕育甜美黃金果</b></div><div><br /></div><div>含有豐富膠質,果肉呈半透明狀的黃金果,也是在台灣落地生根的熱帶果樹之一。台東太麻里果農廖俊盛曾經分別在平地、山坡測試種植黃金果的差異,發現種在海拔350至400公尺、面東、山巒懷抱的果樹,吸收了空氣中的太平洋水氣與礦物質,加上半日照及溫差較大的環境,讓結出的果實口感緊實、甜度提高。</div><div><br /></div><div>天時地利的風土是上天的饋贈,「早上吹海風,下午山風下來,果園位於包覆式山谷間,海風裡面很多海洋微量元素如鈉離子,就會飄上來囤積在山谷裏面──在山風、海風吹拂下,豐富的天然物質留在果園內,果實自然長得更好,產期也拉長。」</div><div><br /></div><div>廖俊盛也透過產期調節與拍賣市場產品價格區隔,「平地產期在在5月到8月。平地賣得便宜,所以說我們產期挪到8月到明年5月,最少有10個月都是我們的生產期,不用跟平地競爭。」</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtxycAhr5tkSkWhi1Pj3HPEVQu7Rd03Wg8xh9LP60tqN2JWxkYfBsg4wILCVQDcacYDtFR2DKzq6mfqSG6_L1HcR_nFEavV18tl5cgjjNjpGoFRbplmYn_D5XDX-38gWsSzxAePlPeBCdt/s2048/%25E5%25BB%2596%25E4%25BF%258A%25E7%259B%259B%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25BB%2583%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%259C%2592%25E5%259D%2590%25E8%2590%25BD%25E5%259C%25A8%25E8%2583%258C%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E9%259D%25A2%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%258F%25B0%25E6%259D%25B1%25E5%25A4%25AA%25E9%25BA%25BB%25E9%2587%258C%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E5%258D%2580%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25BE%2597%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E7%258D%25A8%25E5%258E%259A%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%25A2%259D%25E4%25BB%25B6%25E8%25AE%2593%25E4%25BB%2596%25E5%25AD%2595%25E8%2582%25B2%25E5%2587%25BA%25E5%2593%2581%25E8%25B3%25AA%25E6%259B%25B4%25E5%25A5%25BD%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%25AF%25A6+%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E7%2584%25A1%25E6%25AF%2592%25E8%25BE%25B2%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1552" data-original-width="2048" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtxycAhr5tkSkWhi1Pj3HPEVQu7Rd03Wg8xh9LP60tqN2JWxkYfBsg4wILCVQDcacYDtFR2DKzq6mfqSG6_L1HcR_nFEavV18tl5cgjjNjpGoFRbplmYn_D5XDX-38gWsSzxAePlPeBCdt/w640-h484/%25E5%25BB%2596%25E4%25BF%258A%25E7%259B%259B%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25BB%2583%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%259C%2592%25E5%259D%2590%25E8%2590%25BD%25E5%259C%25A8%25E8%2583%258C%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E9%259D%25A2%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%258F%25B0%25E6%259D%25B1%25E5%25A4%25AA%25E9%25BA%25BB%25E9%2587%258C%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E5%258D%2580%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25BE%2597%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E7%258D%25A8%25E5%258E%259A%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%25A2%259D%25E4%25BB%25B6%25E8%25AE%2593%25E4%25BB%2596%25E5%25AD%2595%25E8%2582%25B2%25E5%2587%25BA%25E5%2593%2581%25E8%25B3%25AA%25E6%259B%25B4%25E5%25A5%25BD%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%25AF%25A6+%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E7%2584%25A1%25E6%25AF%2592%25E8%25BE%25B2%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">廖俊盛的黃金果果園坐落在背山面海的台東太麻里山區,</div><div style="text-align: center;">得天獨厚的條件讓他孕育出品質更好的果實 。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/無毒農)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>讓新住民尖叫的紅毛丹</b></div><div><br /></div><div>因為新興果樹種植充滿不確定性,研發新型態水果並不是政府主力政策,許多受訪者說的坦白──「新興果樹是民間走在前面。」種植12公頃紅毛丹的屏東高樹果農蔡門興,就對於箇中滋味點滴在心頭,40年前他出國旅遊時嚐到鮮美的紅毛丹,回來動念研究、種植至今,從十幾項品種之中,選育出農場4項主力品種。</div><div><br /></div><div>「這東西政府沒有推廣,書本也沒有,全靠自己引進摸索。」數十年來投入心血與成本如今開花結果,蔡門興春風滿面,他笑說一件近日得意事:「幾天前有新住民來我這裡買紅毛丹,向我說:『老師了不起!你們種的比我們那邊好吃、產量又多!』」</div><div><br /></div><div>近幾年來,移工、新住民是新興水果重要消費群,「從東南亞嫁來台灣的女孩子看到紅毛丹會尖叫的!」在屏東高樹大津農場包裝紅毛丹的在地人也提到,許多新住民慕名而來,入園後興奮地到處拍照。屏東潮州果農羅秀美則說,有次在園內包裝,突有越南籍女子造訪,見榴槤蜜直說是「家鄉味」,20年沒有見到這項水果的她當下樂不可支。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9KRxLsafWwGTa6wDwBraPmRiAJ4hfxNHxfY_b3UPTKc5AMDJFHf3dBmGAfoKitY7qgnsz3UuHyDv4KU-w3RnQx0FuhnJWb8OLt8AG5uwlcO3lbIuhXEQ1ti5pfwqPPvYW8Ux05OCQXFs4/s2048/%25E8%2594%25A1%25E9%2596%2580%25E8%2588%2588%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E7%25B4%2585%25E6%25AF%259B%25E4%25B8%25B9%25E8%25B6%2585%25E9%2581%258E40%25E5%25B9%25B4%25EF%25BC%258C%25E7%25B6%2593%25E7%2587%259F%25E7%259A%258412%25E5%2585%25AC%25E9%25A0%2583%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%25B4%25A5%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25A0%25B4%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25A4%259A%25E7%25A8%25AE%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%25B4%2585%25E6%25AF%259B%25E4%25B8%25B9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9KRxLsafWwGTa6wDwBraPmRiAJ4hfxNHxfY_b3UPTKc5AMDJFHf3dBmGAfoKitY7qgnsz3UuHyDv4KU-w3RnQx0FuhnJWb8OLt8AG5uwlcO3lbIuhXEQ1ti5pfwqPPvYW8Ux05OCQXFs4/w640-h480/%25E8%2594%25A1%25E9%2596%2580%25E8%2588%2588%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E7%25B4%2585%25E6%25AF%259B%25E4%25B8%25B9%25E8%25B6%2585%25E9%2581%258E40%25E5%25B9%25B4%25EF%25BC%258C%25E7%25B6%2593%25E7%2587%259F%25E7%259A%258412%25E5%2585%25AC%25E9%25A0%2583%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%25B4%25A5%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25A0%25B4%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25A4%259A%25E7%25A8%25AE%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%25B4%2585%25E6%25AF%259B%25E4%25B8%25B9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">蔡門興研究紅毛丹超過40年,</div><div style="text-align: center;">經營的12公頃大津農場,</div><div style="text-align: center;">大多種植紅毛丹。(攝影/陳品君) </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b>品種演化口味更好,找出食用誘因</b></div><div><br /></div><div>榴槤蜜、黃金果、紅毛丹引進台灣至少有20、30年,市場卻還有待開拓。劉碧鵑提到,新興水果引進台灣後,需要選育較好的品種滿足市場口味,研究單位擔負汰劣留良的角色,彰顯較好的品種,並且農友也要願意配合淘汰,留下較好的品種──這樣的過程往往要花上10至20年,後續還要能顛覆消費者從前認為新興水果味道酸澀等欠佳的印象。</div><div><br /></div><div>她舉例:「早期黃金果因為實生苗栽種,果形、味道變異大,消費者吃到澀感而留下不好的印象,可是黃金果品種演化到現在有甜香味,原本不喜歡吃的人也愛上,產業價值就會慢慢上來。」</div><div><br /></div><div>劉碧鵑也分析,台灣水果種類多,推廣單位要能幫消費者找出食用誘因,比如透過營養價值、食用方式切入。以逐漸為市場接受的酪梨為例,含有植物性脂肪、蛋白質、礦物質、維他命,單元不飽和脂肪酸則可降低膽固醇,食用方式除了鮮果入口以外,消費市場搭配出來的布丁牛奶組合也讓酪梨躍上果汁飲料攤。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyesI4j-mY3DGdK0Vd7Ik4UrWL1HViIQDPHmz85AoK25mXj480X-56mMasYo7DmW1bvv7ip8iEMSHa-BjZ2wDVGleVfgdwsX8FUlaNu2saNRvxW0TB5cgdRoIBI5NOQ-tEF7Aqp4EKBoeK/s2048/%25E7%25B4%2585%25E6%25AF%259B%25E4%25B8%25B9%25E5%258E%259A%25E8%2582%2589%25E5%258F%25A3%25E6%2584%259F%25E8%2588%2587%25E8%258D%2594%25E6%259E%259D%25E9%25A1%259E%25E4%25BC%25BC%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyesI4j-mY3DGdK0Vd7Ik4UrWL1HViIQDPHmz85AoK25mXj480X-56mMasYo7DmW1bvv7ip8iEMSHa-BjZ2wDVGleVfgdwsX8FUlaNu2saNRvxW0TB5cgdRoIBI5NOQ-tEF7Aqp4EKBoeK/w640-h480/%25E7%25B4%2585%25E6%25AF%259B%25E4%25B8%25B9%25E5%258E%259A%25E8%2582%2589%25E5%258F%25A3%25E6%2584%259F%25E8%2588%2587%25E8%258D%2594%25E6%259E%259D%25E9%25A1%259E%25E4%25BC%25BC%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">紅毛丹厚肉口感與荔枝類似。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(攝影/陳品君) </div><div><br /></div><div><b>榴槤蜜從裡到外都能吃,為水果找到適合吃法</b></div><div><br /></div><div>黃金果、榴槤蜜與紅毛丹的食用方式,大多還是直接食用鮮果。而劉碧鵑與潮州果農羅秀美提到,農試所與潮州鎮農會曾經辦過榴槤蜜料理會,發現原來這種水果是「從裡到外都可以吃」,羅秀美回憶:「當時農會家政班把果實肉切成一塊一塊,放醬油跟梗、囊下去滷味;也有把種子皮去掉、蒸過再切碎做鹹粿,很好吃!」</div><div><br /></div><div>「你要先了解自己種的水果是怎麼樣的東西!」種植黃金果的廖俊盛曾經委託工研院檢測自產水果的營養成分,加上得天獨厚的栽培環境以及間種咖啡樹,這些優勢通通成為他的行銷利器──民眾可以來到他的莊園邊品嚐咖啡,邊欣賞遼闊的山景海色。</div><div><br /></div><div>他也能現切市面上不常見的黃金果,並分享果實營養價值、種植心路歷程,以及碩大亮黃的果實好吃的秘訣,「先加點檸檬汁,因為檸檬是最天然的抗氧化劑,加下去果實就不會變色,也能提味。而黃金果皮富含營養成分,吃的時候就是肉跟皮一起吃。」</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRKn5AhkJwJ8jGnM-WaYUfMHfb_gzEQSfkDywmwXt7xaXSdCbefK_7VlGtTxZiFm6Kh8bZZxv4inlb-ATdaI92P12vJmmG9bM9zSMavMSBFcCldQv7rNvwgOdf10Xu9uXPDJ8q-Xylxgr/s2048/%25E9%25A3%259F%25E7%2594%25A8%25E9%25BB%2583%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%2589%258D%25E5%258F%25AF%25E6%2593%25A0%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%25B9%25BE%25E6%25BB%25B4%25E6%25AA%25B8%25E6%25AA%25AC%25E9%25A1%258C%25E7%2582%25BA%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%258F%258A%25E9%2598%25B2%25E6%25AD%25A2%25E6%25B0%25A7%25E5%258C%2596%25E8%25AE%258A%25E8%2589%25B2%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E7%2584%25A1%25E6%25AF%2592%25E8%25BE%25B2%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1552" data-original-width="2048" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRKn5AhkJwJ8jGnM-WaYUfMHfb_gzEQSfkDywmwXt7xaXSdCbefK_7VlGtTxZiFm6Kh8bZZxv4inlb-ATdaI92P12vJmmG9bM9zSMavMSBFcCldQv7rNvwgOdf10Xu9uXPDJ8q-Xylxgr/w640-h484/%25E9%25A3%259F%25E7%2594%25A8%25E9%25BB%2583%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%2589%258D%25E5%258F%25AF%25E6%2593%25A0%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%25B9%25BE%25E6%25BB%25B4%25E6%25AA%25B8%25E6%25AA%25AC%25E9%25A1%258C%25E7%2582%25BA%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%258F%258A%25E9%2598%25B2%25E6%25AD%25A2%25E6%25B0%25A7%25E5%258C%2596%25E8%25AE%258A%25E8%2589%25B2%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E7%2584%25A1%25E6%25AF%2592%25E8%25BE%25B2%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">食用黃金果前,</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">可擠上幾滴檸檬提味以及防止氧化變色。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/無毒農) </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>黃金果別具外銷潛力,山坡地果較能冷藏儲運</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">顏昌瑞評估,比起紅毛丹與榴槤蜜,黃金果更有外銷潛力。「因為紅毛丹跟榴槤蜜在東南亞很多,但是黃金果到現在除了中美洲之外,其他地方如東南亞、澳洲、美國、中國都還沒什麼經濟生產,所以我認為黃金果成為果樹產業更有潛力。」</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">黃金果外銷,還是得考量儲藏問題,廖俊盛說:「我們(山上出產)的黃金果放冷藏的話,至少可以保存2到3個禮拜,送到新加坡、香港,切開來都還是還好的。我有實驗平地種植的黃金果,常溫儲藏大概只能放3到4天,就算冷藏不超過一個禮拜就壞掉,因為果肉不夠紮實。」外銷層面上,也反映黃金果先天種植條件的重要性(<a href="https://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2019/10/blog-post_1.html" target="_blank">待續</a>)。</div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">(本文為作者任職《上下游新聞》期間發表作品〈尋找下個台灣水果明星!熱帶水果紅毛丹、榴槤蜜、黃金果,深具發展潛力〉,原文刊載<a href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/124261/" target="_blank">於此</a>) </div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-24910480571269878462019-09-01T10:06:00.020+08:002021-04-10T21:27:41.707+08:00屏東/屏科大研究台灣猛禽之死,6成樣本驗出老鼠藥殘留(本文為作者任職《上下游新聞》期間發表作品〈農人與老鼠戰爭,黑鳶大冠鷲流血陪葬!屏科大研究,超過六成猛禽樣本驗出老鼠藥〉,原文刊載<a href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/123977/" target="_blank">於此</a>)<div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 20px;"> ◎文/陳品君</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 20px;" /><div><br /></div><div>一隻失去翱翔天際神采的病懨懨黑鳶,嘴巴微微開闔開闔地躺在屏東科技大學保育類野生動物收容中心,一旁獸醫師緊急施打解毒針和輸液,經過一番搶救後,黑鳶仍無法重回蒼穹懷抱,枉死在冰冷的看診檯上。 </div><div><div><br /></div><div>這隻2013年在東港枉死的黑鳶後經送驗。報告結果顯示,鳥屍內驗出老鼠藥,成分有可滅鼠(Brodifacoum),加上經獸醫解剖確定有內出血,屏東科技大學鳥類生態研究室(下稱「屏科大鳥類生態研究室」)證實,這隻黑鳶是台灣鳥類研究紀錄中,第一隻因老鼠藥中毒死亡的猛禽。 </div><div><br /></div><div>黑鳶之死,開啟了大規模的台灣猛禽體內老鼠藥殘留調查,由防檢局邀集屏科大鳥類生態研究室、特有生物研究保育中心、臺中市野生動物保育學會、路殺社等單位共同投入,總計檢驗自2010至2018年全台各地蒐集21種猛禽物種、200多件肝臟樣本。結果顯示,共有10種猛禽、超過6成的樣本驗出老鼠藥殘留,顯示老鼠藥普遍進入台灣生態食物鏈,<a href="https://bit.ly/2LZ7AeF" target="_blank">此研究論文在2019年發表於環境科學領域的權威期刊《Science of The Total Environment》。 </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNgYZ-62fqh2CU1H1S1zi52LGAmUCPR1EefY_VSxwFAeQy3qKBD_gusnSnqKqgVw6348of8Gx84y1iif8VTsLKTvyJgLHSCMKt2QTnKn57JtaApqPiUvjjmIealQROIJ6XQoPcRJePO7Yi/s2048/%25E7%259B%25B8%25E8%25BC%2583%25E6%2596%25BC%25E5%2585%25B6%25E4%25BB%2596%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%258D%25B5%25E6%258D%2595%25E6%25B4%25BB%25E9%25BC%25A0%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%25BB%2591%25E9%25B3%25B6%25E9%2582%2584%25E6%259C%2583%25E6%2592%25BF%25E6%258B%25BE%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E5%25B1%258D%25E7%2582%25BA%25E9%25A3%259F%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%259B%25A0%25E6%25AD%25A4%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2591%25BC%25E7%25B1%25B2%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E6%2587%2589%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E6%258B%25BE%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E5%25B1%258D%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2581%25BF%25E5%2585%258D%25E9%25BB%2591%25E9%25B3%25B6%25E9%25A3%259F%25E7%2594%25A8%25E8%2580%258C%25E9%2596%2593%25E6%258E%25A5%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%25AF%2592%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589+%25282%2529.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNgYZ-62fqh2CU1H1S1zi52LGAmUCPR1EefY_VSxwFAeQy3qKBD_gusnSnqKqgVw6348of8Gx84y1iif8VTsLKTvyJgLHSCMKt2QTnKn57JtaApqPiUvjjmIealQROIJ6XQoPcRJePO7Yi/s600/%25E7%259B%25B8%25E8%25BC%2583%25E6%2596%25BC%25E5%2585%25B6%25E4%25BB%2596%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%258D%25B5%25E6%258D%2595%25E6%25B4%25BB%25E9%25BC%25A0%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%25BB%2591%25E9%25B3%25B6%25E9%2582%2584%25E6%259C%2583%25E6%2592%25BF%25E6%258B%25BE%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E5%25B1%258D%25E7%2582%25BA%25E9%25A3%259F%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%259B%25A0%25E6%25AD%25A4%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%2591%25BC%25E7%25B1%25B2%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E6%2587%2589%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E6%258B%25BE%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E5%25B1%258D%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2581%25BF%25E5%2585%258D%25E9%25BB%2591%25E9%25B3%25B6%25E9%25A3%259F%25E7%2594%25A8%25E8%2580%258C%25E9%2596%2593%25E6%258E%25A5%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%25AF%2592%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589+%25282%2529.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">相較於其他猛禽類獵捕活鼠,</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">黑鳶還會撿拾鼠屍為食,</div><div style="text-align: center;">因此屏科大鳥類生態研究室也呼籲農家應檢拾鼠屍,</div><div style="text-align: center;">避免黑鳶食用而間接中毒。</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/屏科大鳥類生態研究室)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>屏科大黑鳶研究,老鼠藥抗凝血劑導致出血</b> </div><div><br /></div><div>屏科大鳥類生態研究室自2011年投入黑鳶研究,後來陸續收到中毒黑鳶,才有為確認黑鳶死因而嘗試不同的檢驗項目。「猛禽會中毒就是從牠的食物下手。」屏科大鳥類生態研究室研究員林惠珊指出,依據猛禽食物來源決定相關檢測,包含農藥、老鼠藥、水產禁藥、甚至還有重金屬等殘留物檢測。
「由於2013年的東港黑鳶體內沒有驗出農藥,加上有血便和胃出血的症狀,於是我們懷疑牠是否吃到中毒老鼠?是否因老鼠藥中的抗凝血劑成分導致內出血?」論文第一作者、屏科大鳥類生態研究室研究員洪孝宇說。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY4P07R8ishu-8YmSBNIIslZiaYpqDvGjszMSkybWGLbChcqOFGp12UQfLg7NSRz4TDFza03SyAri3dxfx5rE72YmRZyyUH9HtKeJwNx48mAyzR7KMPr9D-Pg8UUXEqULxSj1x-v45rcHg/s2048/%25E7%2594%25B1%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%2595%2599%25E6%258E%2588%25E5%25AD%25AB%25E5%2585%2583%25E5%258B%25B3%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%258F%25B3%25EF%25BC%2589%25E9%25A0%2598%25E8%25BB%258D%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25E6%258A%2595%25E5%2585%25A5%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25A4%259A%25E6%2599%2582%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B7%25A6%25E7%2582%25BA%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%2593%25A1%25E6%25B4%25AA%25E5%25AD%259D%25E5%25AE%2587%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="由屏科大教授孫元勳(右)領軍的鳥類生態研究室投入猛禽研究多時,左為研究員洪孝宇。(攝影/陳品君)" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY4P07R8ishu-8YmSBNIIslZiaYpqDvGjszMSkybWGLbChcqOFGp12UQfLg7NSRz4TDFza03SyAri3dxfx5rE72YmRZyyUH9HtKeJwNx48mAyzR7KMPr9D-Pg8UUXEqULxSj1x-v45rcHg/w640-h426/%25E7%2594%25B1%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E6%2595%2599%25E6%258E%2588%25E5%25AD%25AB%25E5%2585%2583%25E5%258B%25B3%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%258F%25B3%25EF%25BC%2589%25E9%25A0%2598%25E8%25BB%258D%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25E6%258A%2595%25E5%2585%25A5%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25A4%259A%25E6%2599%2582%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B7%25A6%25E7%2582%25BA%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%2593%25A1%25E6%25B4%25AA%25E5%25AD%259D%25E5%25AE%2587%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">由屏科大教授孫元勳(右)領軍的鳥類生態研究室投入猛禽研究多時,</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">左為研究員洪孝宇。</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">(攝影/陳品君)</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b>食蛇鼠連帶中毒,猛禽內臟出血不止而亡</b></div><div><br /></div><div>台灣目前核准的老鼠藥都屬於抗凝血劑,猛禽中毒後破壞體內凝血功能,所以會血流不止,包括口腔出血、皮下血腫和貧血等,中毒動物的內臟會逐漸出血,約5至10天才會死亡,屬於慢性毒。</div><div><br /></div><div>研究室發現,以活鼠、腐鼠屍或者以蛇類為主食的猛禽是老鼠藥中毒的高危險群。在平原和低海拔地區常見的5種猛禽中,主食鼠類的黑鳶樣本在檢驗出老鼠藥比率高達9成,且檢出的平均濃度也最高(0.211 ppm)。此外,有吃動物屍身習性的黑鳶和主食蛇類的大冠鷲,分別是檢出率和平均濃度第二名,也間接證明以鼠類為食的蛇類可能是食物鏈中傳遞老鼠藥的重要環節之一,造成大冠鷲跟著中毒。</div><div><br /></div><div>至於在鄉村和都會區常見的鳳頭蒼鷹和領角鴞雖食鼠但食性廣泛,檢驗出老鼠藥的比率卻也都超過5成。</div><div><br /></div><div>猛禽體內的老鼠藥檢出率和濃度在秋冬季最高,研究室推斷可能跟台灣每年在秋季舉辦滅鼠週有關,滅鼠週發放的藥劑以屬於第二代藥劑的可滅鼠(Brodifacoum)和伏滅鼠(Flocoumafen)為主,是最常在猛禽體內被驗出的成分。另一種常見鼠藥成分撲滅鼠(Bromadiolone)大多登記為環境用藥,因此不只是農業用藥,居家使用的環境用藥同樣會進入食物鏈。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwKEkeqonzNUh-SVJZZpPa1bPoYR0__DHJlc7t6UFtLk_t7vAuNiTRpTB_HnnuzhUPtN0fDRU0SGqpY05tqrd0XzzqTTp3u9XwCVmQk9KlR7AssE6V_D27Ujca81gpDbgfknl3ROVwllAv/s4480/%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E7%259B%25AE%25E5%2589%258D%25E6%25A0%25B8%25E5%2587%2586%25E7%259A%2584%25E8%2580%2581%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E8%2597%25A5%25E9%2583%25BD%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%259C%2589%25E6%258A%2597%25E5%2587%259D%25E8%25A1%2580%25E5%258A%2591%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2588%2586%25EF%25BC%258C%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%25AF%2592%25E7%2594%259F%25E7%2589%25A9%25E6%259C%2583%25E8%25A1%2580%25E6%25B5%2581%25E4%25B8%258D%25E6%25AD%25A2%25EF%25BC%258C%25E7%25B4%25845%25E8%2587%25B310%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E6%2589%258D%25E6%259C%2583%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E4%25BA%25A1%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B1%25AC%25E6%2596%25BC%25E6%2585%25A2%25E6%2580%25A7%25E6%25AF%2592%25E3%2580%25822016%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E5%259B%25A0%25E9%25AA%25A8%25E6%258A%2598%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E9%2580%2581%25E5%25BE%2580%25E6%25A1%2583%25E5%259C%2592%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E6%259C%2583%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25BB%2591%25E7%25BF%2585%25E9%25B3%25B6%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E5%25BE%258C%25E8%25A7%25A3%25E5%2589%2596%25E7%2599%25BC%25E7%258F%25BE%25E9%25AB%2594%25E5%2585%25A7%25E5%25BB%25A3%25E6%25B3%259B%25E5%2587%25BA%25E8%25A1%2580%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2520" data-original-width="4480" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwKEkeqonzNUh-SVJZZpPa1bPoYR0__DHJlc7t6UFtLk_t7vAuNiTRpTB_HnnuzhUPtN0fDRU0SGqpY05tqrd0XzzqTTp3u9XwCVmQk9KlR7AssE6V_D27Ujca81gpDbgfknl3ROVwllAv/w640-h360/%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E7%259B%25AE%25E5%2589%258D%25E6%25A0%25B8%25E5%2587%2586%25E7%259A%2584%25E8%2580%2581%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E8%2597%25A5%25E9%2583%25BD%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%259C%2589%25E6%258A%2597%25E5%2587%259D%25E8%25A1%2580%25E5%258A%2591%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2588%2586%25EF%25BC%258C%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%25AF%2592%25E7%2594%259F%25E7%2589%25A9%25E6%259C%2583%25E8%25A1%2580%25E6%25B5%2581%25E4%25B8%258D%25E6%25AD%25A2%25EF%25BC%258C%25E7%25B4%25845%25E8%2587%25B310%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E6%2589%258D%25E6%259C%2583%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E4%25BA%25A1%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B1%25AC%25E6%2596%25BC%25E6%2585%25A2%25E6%2580%25A7%25E6%25AF%2592%25E3%2580%25822016%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E5%259B%25A0%25E9%25AA%25A8%25E6%258A%2598%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E9%2580%2581%25E5%25BE%2580%25E6%25A1%2583%25E5%259C%2592%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E6%259C%2583%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25BB%2591%25E7%25BF%2585%25E9%25B3%25B6%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E5%25BE%258C%25E8%25A7%25A3%25E5%2589%2596%25E7%2599%25BC%25E7%258F%25BE%25E9%25AB%2594%25E5%2585%25A7%25E5%25BB%25A3%25E6%25B3%259B%25E5%2587%25BA%25E8%25A1%2580%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">台灣目前核准的老鼠藥都具有抗凝血劑成分,</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">中毒生物會血流不止,</div><div style="text-align: center;">約5至10天才會死亡,</div><div style="text-align: center;">屬於慢性毒。</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/屏科大鳥類生態研究室)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>一隻鳳頭蒼鷹體內高達六種老鼠藥,野生動物深受其害</b></div><div><br /></div><div>台灣自1980年之後核准的老鼠藥幾乎都是第二代老鼠藥,「除了毒性更強,在身體裡面累積的時間也會更長。」洪孝宇指出,第二代藥劑在老鼠體內要自然代謝的時間長達200天以上,期間很容易經過食物鏈傳遞和累積。研究中就發現許多猛禽體內驗出不只1種老鼠藥成分,曾有一隻鳳頭蒼鷹體內高達6種老鼠藥,代表反覆吃進帶有不同藥劑的老鼠。</div><div><br /></div><div>除了猛禽,其他會掠食老鼠的野生動物如草鴞、石虎、蛇也可能深受其害,甚至是一般小動物如松鼠、白鼻心、貓狗也可能誤食枉死,洪孝宇補充:「其實還有非常多的管道會傳播老鼠藥,比如農民常把藥劑跟一些穀類混合引誘老鼠,但小鳥,甚至是昆蟲、蛞蝓、蝸牛都有可能吃掉這些混合物,牠們又再被天敵吃掉(因此天敵體內便含有老鼠藥)。」因此在生態系裡面,老鼠藥的傳播路徑非常多元。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuDE4YfPjZ1t_8GHOfT-fLw1jzV1ovHOTmXFxe-WELIDj_jwV7jD2gHQijYWklAzrlH6kfuWIT7HsIsKO0q6Ey68gcUrhlCSoRgKjLEe4P2b7wbmTCt2pZ8emnrh6Kd6EMlez6FLfJZT6y/s2048/%25E5%25B8%2582%25E9%259D%25A2%25E4%25B8%258A%25E7%259A%2584%25E8%2580%2581%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E8%2597%25A5%25E7%2590%25B3%25E7%2591%25AF%25E6%25BB%25BF%25E7%259B%25AE%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2583%25BD%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%2583%25BD%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%259C%2589%25E6%258A%2597%25E5%2587%259D%25E8%25A1%2580%25E5%258A%2591%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2588%2586%25E3%2580%2582%25E9%2598%25B2%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E5%25B1%2580%25E5%2591%25BC%25E7%25B1%25B2%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E7%2594%25A8%25E8%2597%25A5%25E6%2587%2589%25E6%25B8%259B%25E9%2587%258F%25E4%25BD%25BF%25E7%2594%25A8%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2581%25BF%25E5%2585%258D%25E6%25AE%2598%25E5%25AE%25B3%25E9%259D%259E%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E7%2589%25A9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1527" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuDE4YfPjZ1t_8GHOfT-fLw1jzV1ovHOTmXFxe-WELIDj_jwV7jD2gHQijYWklAzrlH6kfuWIT7HsIsKO0q6Ey68gcUrhlCSoRgKjLEe4P2b7wbmTCt2pZ8emnrh6Kd6EMlez6FLfJZT6y/w640-h478/%25E5%25B8%2582%25E9%259D%25A2%25E4%25B8%258A%25E7%259A%2584%25E8%2580%2581%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E8%2597%25A5%25E7%2590%25B3%25E7%2591%25AF%25E6%25BB%25BF%25E7%259B%25AE%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2583%25BD%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%2583%25BD%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%259C%2589%25E6%258A%2597%25E5%2587%259D%25E8%25A1%2580%25E5%258A%2591%25E6%2588%2590%25E5%2588%2586%25E3%2580%2582%25E9%2598%25B2%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E5%25B1%2580%25E5%2591%25BC%25E7%25B1%25B2%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E7%2594%25A8%25E8%2597%25A5%25E6%2587%2589%25E6%25B8%259B%25E9%2587%258F%25E4%25BD%25BF%25E7%2594%25A8%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2581%25BF%25E5%2585%258D%25E6%25AE%2598%25E5%25AE%25B3%25E9%259D%259E%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E7%2589%25A9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">市面上的老鼠藥琳瑯滿目,</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">都具有抗凝血劑成分。</div><div style="text-align: center;">防檢局呼籲農家用藥應減量使用,</div><div style="text-align: center;">避免殘害非鼠類生物。</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/屏科大鳥類生態研究室)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>亞洲第一份研究,過去台灣未做檢驗</b></div><div><br /></div><div>老鼠藥對生態的毒害,在歐美已有許多研究證實,也已經開始限制鼠藥使用,而這項研究卻是亞洲第一份針對猛禽體內老鼠藥殘留的篩檢研究。「老鼠藥已經用了那麼久,到這幾年才開始發現猛禽中毒的問題,是因為以前台灣從來沒有在做檢驗。」</div><div><br /></div><div>洪孝宇解釋,國內近幾年才有猛禽老鼠藥中毒的確定案例,一方面是猛禽中毒後可能因為虛弱、行動遲緩而被車撞或遭天敵攻擊,死因受到誤判;另一方面是檢驗所費不貲,且少有檢驗老鼠藥殘留需求申請,因此多數檢驗中心都沒有準備老鼠藥的標準品,無法定量檢驗。2013年開始,屏科大鳥類生態研究室在愛鳥人士資助之下,得以採買標準品檢驗。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIVbZvY7aCMoIGSU_8OtfZVNgbCKbqcA-hW6lkvj-Ke7nhdq1hZcMz6XmpUUX5EAy1BD_uE4u1YjknUeCXdoqJHX_DC_0Tdi44zurU5p3Pn9oDcTKdO9uj1B_tluwNJo3fIH3lu1fOaU0k/s4480/%25E7%2594%25B1%25E6%2596%25BC%25E8%2580%2581%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E8%2597%25A5%25E4%25B8%25A6%25E4%25B8%258D%25E6%2598%25AF%25E5%25B8%25B8%25E8%25A6%258B%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E9%25A9%2597%25E9%25A0%2585%25E7%259B%25AE%25EF%25BC%258C%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%25BE%2580%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E5%258F%2597%25E5%2582%25B7%25E6%2588%2596%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E4%25BA%25A1%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%258E%259F%25E5%259B%25A0%25E5%25AE%25B9%25E6%2598%2593%25E5%258F%2597%25E5%2588%25B0%25E8%25AA%25A4%25E5%2588%25A4%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2520" data-original-width="4480" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIVbZvY7aCMoIGSU_8OtfZVNgbCKbqcA-hW6lkvj-Ke7nhdq1hZcMz6XmpUUX5EAy1BD_uE4u1YjknUeCXdoqJHX_DC_0Tdi44zurU5p3Pn9oDcTKdO9uj1B_tluwNJo3fIH3lu1fOaU0k/w640-h360/%25E7%2594%25B1%25E6%2596%25BC%25E8%2580%2581%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E8%2597%25A5%25E4%25B8%25A6%25E4%25B8%258D%25E6%2598%25AF%25E5%25B8%25B8%25E8%25A6%258B%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E9%25A9%2597%25E9%25A0%2585%25E7%259B%25AE%25EF%25BC%258C%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%25BE%2580%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E5%258F%2597%25E5%2582%25B7%25E6%2588%2596%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E4%25BA%25A1%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%258E%259F%25E5%259B%25A0%25E5%25AE%25B9%25E6%2598%2593%25E5%258F%2597%25E5%2588%25B0%25E8%25AA%25A4%25E5%2588%25A4%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">由於老鼠藥並不是常見的檢驗項目,</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">以往猛禽受傷或死亡的原因容易受到誤判。</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/屏科大鳥類生態研究室)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>猛禽中毒的季節性趨勢與政府滅鼠周活動呈現一致</b></div><div><br /></div><div>研究也顯示猛禽中毒的季節性趨勢與政府滅鼠周活動呈現一致。自1979年開始,滅鼠周舉辦30多年,每年選定秋末作物收成後的時間(大約是10月至11月)由政府免費發放老鼠藥,考量之一是因為乾季較不會下雨,老鼠藥不會受潮;二來此時鼠類缺乏食物,可以毒餌將野鼠一網打盡。</div><div><br /></div><div>但檢視滅鼠周投遞鼠藥原則,洪孝宇指出,田間在沒有作物的情況下原本就不會有農損,而所放置藥劑毒老鼠的效果也無法維持到隔年,「老鼠繁殖速度非常快,毒完老鼠之後,只要2、3個月的時間老鼠數量又恢復,那時候已經春天,又開始種作物了。」</div><div><br /></div><div>防檢局考量各地作物栽種時間不一,以及回應鳥類保育團體建言,在鳥類繁殖季節避免農地野鼠防除工作,逐步調整農地野鼠防治政策,包含自2015年6月取宣布消實施30多年的「全國滅鼠週」,取消各地一致防治期,可以分散鼠藥投放空間和時間;以及2016年起不再補助老鼠藥、2018年取消共同供應契約,讓各縣市政府依需求自行採購。</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8VxtpM3p9J1dkHN6baUbe7Pm0Mk5-QySIjIJ8Mmu9OhTsDfx0ckjx9CwVfEklenPmIBeyfl2JwIzqxLSyWgfC_FiINCPRQtOY40WJD2ZKkztido1qNv8w-x9aqNbzMmxXpf_wt2_xi98K/s935/%25E9%2598%25B2%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E5%25B1%2580%25E6%25BC%25B8%25E9%2580%25B2%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E6%2595%25B4%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%259C%25B0%25E9%2598%25B2%25E7%2596%25AB%25E6%2594%25BF%25E7%25AD%2596%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%259C%259D%25E5%2590%2591%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E8%2588%2587%25E7%2594%259F%25E7%2594%25A2%25E4%25B8%25A6%25E9%2587%258D%25EF%25BC%258C%25E7%259B%25AE%25E5%2589%258D%25E5%25B7%25B2%25E7%25B6%2593%25E5%258F%2596%25E6%25B6%2588%25E6%25BB%2585%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E5%2591%25A8%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%258F%258A%25E5%2585%25A8%25E9%259D%25A2%25E5%2581%259C%25E6%25AD%25A2%25E8%25A3%259C%25E5%258A%25A9%25E8%2597%25A5%25E5%258A%2591%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%258B%2595%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E9%2598%25B2%25E7%2596%25AB%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E7%2596%25AB%25E5%25B1%2580%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="935" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8VxtpM3p9J1dkHN6baUbe7Pm0Mk5-QySIjIJ8Mmu9OhTsDfx0ckjx9CwVfEklenPmIBeyfl2JwIzqxLSyWgfC_FiINCPRQtOY40WJD2ZKkztido1qNv8w-x9aqNbzMmxXpf_wt2_xi98K/w640-h360/%25E9%2598%25B2%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E5%25B1%2580%25E6%25BC%25B8%25E9%2580%25B2%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E6%2595%25B4%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E5%259C%25B0%25E9%2598%25B2%25E7%2596%25AB%25E6%2594%25BF%25E7%25AD%2596%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%259C%259D%25E5%2590%2591%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E8%2588%2587%25E7%2594%259F%25E7%2594%25A2%25E4%25B8%25A6%25E9%2587%258D%25EF%25BC%258C%25E7%259B%25AE%25E5%2589%258D%25E5%25B7%25B2%25E7%25B6%2593%25E5%258F%2596%25E6%25B6%2588%25E6%25BB%2585%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E5%2591%25A8%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%258F%258A%25E5%2585%25A8%25E9%259D%25A2%25E5%2581%259C%25E6%25AD%25A2%25E8%25A3%259C%25E5%258A%25A9%25E8%2597%25A5%25E5%258A%2591%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%258B%2595%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E9%2598%25B2%25E7%2596%25AB%25E6%25AA%25A2%25E7%2596%25AB%25E5%25B1%2580%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">防檢局漸進調整農地防疫政策,</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">朝向生態與生產並重,</div><div style="text-align: center;">目前已經取消滅鼠周以及全面停止補助藥劑。</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/動植物防疫檢疫局)</div><br /><div><b>防檢局呼籲,農友撿拾鼠屍避免猛禽誤食</b></div><div><br /></div><div>防檢局也呼籲地方政府、農民在猛禽高頻率出現的農業區域減少或不用藥,並宣導正確使用藥劑的方式,如在作物栽植前和初期投藥、將藥劑放入塑膠罐或竹筒內,避免非鼠類生物誤食,以及巡視田間撿拾鼠屍,避免腐食性猛禽撿食。</div><div><br /></div><div>「政策調整可以改變一些現況,生產和生態可以雙贏。」防檢局植物防疫組指出,這項政策因有科學數據支持並採漸進實施,目前並沒有收到農友反映老鼠危害作物的重大疫情,而黑鳶在近幾年的調查數量也明顯增長,自2013年272隻,來到近2年超過500隻,也是一項好消息。未來也將引進新型防治技術或安全性較高的鼠餌,比如藥劑中含植物纖維,老鼠食用後纖維遇水膨脹阻塞腸胃道而「撐死」,而這種成分不會毒害猛禽或其他生物。</div><div><br /></div><div>農地野鼠防治政策雖逐步回歸地方,但防檢局仍會滾動檢討相關政策,如為了提升使用鼠餌安全性,防檢修正鼠餌使用方法,要求抗凝血殺鼠劑須置放於餌站施用,及禁止加工用原料或原體以成品形式零售。並修正包裝外增列注意事項文字敘述,包含毒餌應妥善保管,如誤食中毒送醫急救,以維他命 K為解毒劑等作為。</div><div><br /></div><div><b>毒殺老鼠,同時殺死天敵,將讓老鼠數量暴增</b></div><div><br /></div><div>「毒殺老鼠,也是毒殺老鼠天敵。老鼠繁殖非常快,所以數量很快可以回來,但是天敵普遍繁殖速度非常慢,所以一旦天敵族群消失了,要回復非常困難,會導致生態失去平衡──老鼠數量在不久之後暴增,沒有天敵抑制他,農家再用更多老鼠藥壓制這些老鼠,造成惡性循懷──必須反覆用藥但是永遠毒不完!」</div><div><br /></div><div>洪孝宇表示,要斷開惡性循環,農家必須搭配其他措施,如放置捕鼠籠,研究室近年也提倡農民可使用「一物剋一物」生物防治法,以猛禽捕食老鼠替代老鼠藥,如製作貓頭鷹巢箱、黑鳶棲架。</div><div><br /></div><div>以棲架而言,全台目前大約有十幾處,台中霧峰稻田、高雄美濃田間、屏東沿山公路鳳梨田等地都可見到。研究室也提供教學服務,洪孝宇說:「田裡面豎立棲架的原理,是利用猛禽喜歡站在制高點的習性,吸引黑鳶進入田區停棲狩獵,藉此減少鼠害。」</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW4rL35QoG74z4JW-IkqTNGZIbfMu7T6HVvGoYzoZkNSi3-JOd-EbB2YUauY82pjMdbsr3Lfi4XXh7cIpuAP_-dHTgZGy38yJ5R6Zd8RohiylFRq5_oNNPePvXrhmYdWGme_gBYflm2SnT/s2048/%25E4%25BE%259D%25E7%2585%25A7%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E7%25BF%2592%25E6%2580%25A7%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%259C%2583%25E5%259C%25A8%25E6%25A3%25B2%25E6%259E%25B6%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%25A3%25B2%25E6%2581%25AF%25E6%258D%2595%25E9%25A3%259F%25E8%2580%2581%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25A4%259A%25E6%2598%25AF%25E9%25BB%2591%25E7%25BF%2585%25E9%25B3%25B6%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B1%2585%25E9%25AB%2598%25E8%2587%25A8%25E4%25B8%258B%25E4%25B9%258B%25E5%25A7%25BF%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B0%258D%25E9%2587%258E%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E9%25A0%2597%25E6%259C%2589%25E5%259A%2587%25E9%2598%25BB%25E4%25BD%259C%25E7%2594%25A8%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E8%25A7%2580%25E5%25AF%259F%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E9%25A1%25A7%25E5%2595%258F%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%2599%2590%25E5%2585%25AC%25E5%258F%25B8%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW4rL35QoG74z4JW-IkqTNGZIbfMu7T6HVvGoYzoZkNSi3-JOd-EbB2YUauY82pjMdbsr3Lfi4XXh7cIpuAP_-dHTgZGy38yJ5R6Zd8RohiylFRq5_oNNPePvXrhmYdWGme_gBYflm2SnT/w640-h480/%25E4%25BE%259D%25E7%2585%25A7%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E7%25BF%2592%25E6%2580%25A7%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%259C%2583%25E5%259C%25A8%25E6%25A3%25B2%25E6%259E%25B6%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%25A3%25B2%25E6%2581%25AF%25E6%258D%2595%25E9%25A3%259F%25E8%2580%2581%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25A4%259A%25E6%2598%25AF%25E9%25BB%2591%25E7%25BF%2585%25E9%25B3%25B6%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B1%2585%25E9%25AB%2598%25E8%2587%25A8%25E4%25B8%258B%25E4%25B9%258B%25E5%25A7%25BF%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B0%258D%25E9%2587%258E%25E9%25BC%25A0%25E9%25A0%2597%25E6%259C%2589%25E5%259A%2587%25E9%2598%25BB%25E4%25BD%259C%25E7%2594%25A8%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E8%25A7%2580%25E5%25AF%259F%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E9%25A1%25A7%25E5%2595%258F%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%2599%2590%25E5%2585%25AC%25E5%258F%25B8%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">依照猛禽習性,</div><div style="text-align: center;">會在棲架上棲息捕食老鼠的鳥類大多是黑鳶,</div><div style="text-align: center;">居高臨下之姿,</div><div style="text-align: center;">對野鼠頗有嚇阻作用。</div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/屏科大鳥類生態研究室)</div><div><br /></div><div><b>豎立棲架讓猛禽空中守望,對老鼠有警惕作用</b></div><div><br /></div><div>蕭達龍與林淑娟位在美濃的農地種植玉女番茄、玉米、地瓜等作物。林淑娟表示,自家農地通過「綠色保育標章」,不施化學、傷害環境的資材,也力求提供生物覓食、棲息的友善環境。面對不請自來的鼠輩,以往採收期會在作物四周圍起木瓜網,也曾經把小狗放到田裡捕食,去年12月起,在高雄市環保局和屏科大協助下架設2座棲架在田地。</div><div><br /></div><div>「猛禽是我們的守門員,可以感受對老鼠的警惕作用,不時有天敵監視牠們。」林淑娟笑說,豎立棲架之後,作物多一兩成收量,另外只要發現棲座下有鼠毛殘渣,就知道黑鳶造訪過,不僅豐富田間風景,農遊的客人也從這座田間的猛禽守望塔上了堂生態課。</div><div><br /></div><div>「少用老鼠藥,多多積鷹德」──這是防檢局與屏科大合作製作摺頁上,宣導滅鼠正確觀念的標語。「台灣猛禽體內普遍驗出老鼠藥」研究上也隱約透漏幾項重要訊息:名為老鼠藥的藥劑,實際上能自由移動的鳥類、野外或流浪動物甚至是家畜、家寵,都可能誤食毒餌直接或間接中毒;而包含猛禽在內的誤食中毒鼠隻的動物,則可能因此不幸傷亡。</div><div><br /></div><div>農人與老鼠間的戰爭,連帶許多無辜生命陪葬,所幸近幾年已有農友願意跨出一步,採用「天敵剋鼠」的生物防治法,甚至營造不用藥、不用化肥的友善耕作環境。而中央機關跨出實屬不易的一步,在野鼠防治政策回歸地方後,如何更進一步朝向生態、農業雙贏,未來仍受外界檢視。
</div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNF5eUtqP7z2_9zwm7I-y81gCm3Yli99fFxqYaC2NfOHRaGyDxIoFIoJO-rTe1caUpMVmRCko-H6ds56K4IMSzMn95jlhO2d8sA1f5NhqRnk3IHMKNXkA_H83hF5V8mPq8nAfIidNTu1nW/s2048/%25E6%25A3%25B2%25E6%259E%25B6%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258F%25AF%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E6%259E%25B6%25E8%25A8%25AD%25E8%2587%25AA%25E5%258B%2595%25E7%259B%25B8%25E6%25A9%259F%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%25BF%2591%25E8%25B7%259D%25E9%259B%25A2%25E6%258B%258D%25E6%2594%259D%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E4%25BD%25BF%25E7%2594%25A8%25E6%2583%2585%25E5%25BD%25A2%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNF5eUtqP7z2_9zwm7I-y81gCm3Yli99fFxqYaC2NfOHRaGyDxIoFIoJO-rTe1caUpMVmRCko-H6ds56K4IMSzMn95jlhO2d8sA1f5NhqRnk3IHMKNXkA_H83hF5V8mPq8nAfIidNTu1nW/w640-h480/%25E6%25A3%25B2%25E6%259E%25B6%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258F%25AF%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E6%259E%25B6%25E8%25A8%25AD%25E8%2587%25AA%25E5%258B%2595%25E7%259B%25B8%25E6%25A9%259F%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%25BF%2591%25E8%25B7%259D%25E9%259B%25A2%25E6%258B%258D%25E6%2594%259D%25E7%258C%259B%25E7%25A6%25BD%25E4%25BD%25BF%25E7%2594%25A8%25E6%2583%2585%25E5%25BD%25A2%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%2587%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E9%25A1%259E%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%2585%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%25AE%25A4%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">棲架上可以架設自動相機,</div></div><div style="text-align: center;">近距離拍攝猛禽使用情形。</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">(圖片提供/屏科大鳥類生態研究室)</div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-24259320696653763452019-07-23T17:00:00.012+08:002020-11-01T16:35:06.487+08:00屏東/洋蔥收成與價格起落不定 加工元氣飲料、醬油、紅酒延續好滋味(本文為作者任職《上下游新聞》期間發表作品〈洋蔥也有乖乖,醬油飄出油蔥香?屏東洋蔥加工飆創意,薑黃洋蔥飲突破極限〉,原文刊載<a href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/122881/" target="_blank">於此</a>)<br />
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◎文/陳品君<br />
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今年在屏東大鵬灣臺灣燈會期間,縣府安撫身陷排隊長龍遊客贈送的脆果米乖乖,口味竟然選用來自南臺灣的養生農作──洋蔥?洋蔥入菜不稀奇,但你喝過洋蔥和中藥調配而成的元氣飲料嗎?<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsE_UtQKra-XxZFc19wYt7XOEY0H21LCMFgfRzXxgJvB5A9uPwbaKOnwu_FOGpZAvLeoFF306l2Uq2-yqbl8CYNFf5gfW_YGNLPW6E6Pa3Z7WhNBOmPjneQMMYqmsW-tgvhyynUnyCyEfu/s1600/%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E7%2594%25A2%25E6%259C%259F%25E6%2598%25AF%25E6%25AF%258F%25E5%25B9%25B43%25E5%2588%25B04%25E6%259C%2588%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E5%258F%25A3%25E5%2591%25B3%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25B1%25B3%25E4%25B9%2596%25E4%25B9%2596%25E8%2584%2586%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%2588%2590%25E7%2582%25BA%25E8%25B6%2585%25E5%2595%2586%25E5%25AD%25A3%25E7%25AF%2580%25E9%2599%2590%25E9%2587%258F%25E7%2594%25A2%25E5%2593%2581%25E3%2580%2582%25E6%2583%25B3%25E8%25A6%2581%25E5%2598%2597%25E9%25AE%25AE%25E5%258F%25AA%25E8%2583%25BD%25E9%2580%258F%25E9%2581%258E%25E7%25B6%25B2%25E6%258B%258D%25E7%25A2%25B0%25E7%25A2%25B0%25E9%2581%258B%25E6%25B0%25A3%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="恆春洋蔥產期是每年3到4月, 洋蔥口味的米乖乖脆果成為超商季節限量產品。 想要嘗鮮只能透過網拍碰碰運氣。 (攝影/陳品君)" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsE_UtQKra-XxZFc19wYt7XOEY0H21LCMFgfRzXxgJvB5A9uPwbaKOnwu_FOGpZAvLeoFF306l2Uq2-yqbl8CYNFf5gfW_YGNLPW6E6Pa3Z7WhNBOmPjneQMMYqmsW-tgvhyynUnyCyEfu/w480-h640/%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E7%2594%25A2%25E6%259C%259F%25E6%2598%25AF%25E6%25AF%258F%25E5%25B9%25B43%25E5%2588%25B04%25E6%259C%2588%25EF%25BC%258C%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E5%258F%25A3%25E5%2591%25B3%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25B1%25B3%25E4%25B9%2596%25E4%25B9%2596%25E8%2584%2586%25E6%259E%259C%25E6%2588%2590%25E7%2582%25BA%25E8%25B6%2585%25E5%2595%2586%25E5%25AD%25A3%25E7%25AF%2580%25E9%2599%2590%25E9%2587%258F%25E7%2594%25A2%25E5%2593%2581%25E3%2580%2582%25E6%2583%25B3%25E8%25A6%2581%25E5%2598%2597%25E9%25AE%25AE%25E5%258F%25AA%25E8%2583%25BD%25E9%2580%258F%25E9%2581%258E%25E7%25B6%25B2%25E6%258B%258D%25E7%25A2%25B0%25E7%25A2%25B0%25E9%2581%258B%25E6%25B0%25A3%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="480" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">恆春洋蔥產期是每年3到4月,<br /> 洋蔥口味的米乖乖脆果成為超商季節限量產品。 <br />想要嘗鮮只能透過網拍碰碰運氣。 <br />(攝影/陳品君)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div><span><a name='more'></a></span></div><div><b>薑黃洋蔥飲,土耳其藍搭配亮黃,包裝搶眼</b><br />
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土耳其藍搭配明亮黃的搶眼包裝,50%洋蔥原汁含量的薑黃洋蔥飲萃取洋蔥精華,補充人體所需鈣、鎂、多酚等營養素,主打輕熟女消費客群。薑黃和洋蔥搭配的新奇組合怎麼來的?屏東縣農會總幹事廖展毅解釋,飲品原料配方在中醫師建議下以紅薑黃、當歸、黃耆、甘草等中藥材調和,「一瓶大約使用150克洋蔥,以體積來說大概是一顆小球。很多上班族也會買來送家人和親友。」
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「一開始希望當歸是華人可以接受的。」廖展毅表示,第一批薑黃洋蔥飲製作出來後,發現強烈的當歸味讓年輕一輩卻步,因而調整比例。不過他說中藥只是調和味道,這款飲品想突顯的是在地農產紅薑黃和洋蔥,「洋蔥抗過敏、薑黃抗發炎,在中草藥師建議下搭配起來。」100 cc容量讓消費者好攜帶,也能短時間飲用完畢,保持飲品風味。<br />
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除了方便消費者飲用外,廖展毅還聽過朋友拿來料理。「(無論煮)雞湯或排骨湯,菜頭加下去也無所謂,飲品會讓洋蔥甘甜在裡頭當湯底。還有人把台酒花雕雞麵加上這瓶,那碗快一百塊,味道更甜。」他笑說。<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXDlHcrSxpYzpYiAzCe_OX60RXR7YjpKUijdWl07loAWDSHqiNp5jZRtZUlBzupymMMYvKBQFV4KoAU05eu41Zd5blHSg6emU0LUPn8h5wDwqHAT3tUECw93AFRoHUbJWQJMD0OL0xfVGG/s1600/%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E7%25B8%25A3%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E7%25B5%2590%25E5%2590%2588%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%258D%2589%25E8%2597%25A5%25E5%25B0%2588%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E9%2585%258D%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E8%2588%2587%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%258D%2589%25E8%2597%25A5%25E6%25B9%25AF%25E6%25B1%2581%25E6%25AF%2594%25E4%25BE%258B%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%25A9%25A6%25E5%259C%2596%25E8%25AE%2593%25E8%2596%2591%25E9%25BB%2583%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E9%25A3%25B2%25E5%2596%259D%25E8%25B5%25B7%25E4%25BE%2586%25E5%258F%25A3%25E6%2584%259F%25E6%25BA%25AB%25E6%25BD%25A4%25E5%259B%259E%25E7%2594%2598%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXDlHcrSxpYzpYiAzCe_OX60RXR7YjpKUijdWl07loAWDSHqiNp5jZRtZUlBzupymMMYvKBQFV4KoAU05eu41Zd5blHSg6emU0LUPn8h5wDwqHAT3tUECw93AFRoHUbJWQJMD0OL0xfVGG/s640/%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E7%25B8%25A3%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E7%25B5%2590%25E5%2590%2588%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%258D%2589%25E8%2597%25A5%25E5%25B0%2588%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E9%2585%258D%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E8%2588%2587%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%258D%2589%25E8%2597%25A5%25E6%25B9%25AF%25E6%25B1%2581%25E6%25AF%2594%25E4%25BE%258B%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%25A9%25A6%25E5%259C%2596%25E8%25AE%2593%25E8%2596%2591%25E9%25BB%2583%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E9%25A3%25B2%25E5%2596%259D%25E8%25B5%25B7%25E4%25BE%2586%25E5%258F%25A3%25E6%2584%259F%25E6%25BA%25AB%25E6%25BD%25A4%25E5%259B%259E%25E7%2594%2598%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">屏東縣農會結合中草藥專家調配洋蔥與中草藥湯汁比例,<br />
試圖讓薑黃洋蔥飲喝起來口感溫潤回甘<br />
(攝影/陳品君)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>洋蔥健康營養多,提升免疫力</b><br />
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「吃洋蔥好處多多,不僅可以提升免疫力,還可以預防癌症、慢性病。」屏東縣營養師公會理事長吳雅珍指出,洋蔥裡的含硒元素可以捕捉自由基提升身體的免疫力,槲皮素能避免正常細胞突變;硫磺成分可以在腸中與具蛋白質成分的消化物質或腸內菌形成硫化物,而此物質與洋蔥纖維可以刺激腸蠕動預防大腸癌及改善便秘情形;強大殺菌力還可以預防流感,對於有抽菸習慣的人,洋蔥的殺菌素可以保護呼吸道,預防肺癌。<br />
<br />
炎炎夏日沒胃口,洋蔥裡的蔥蒜辣素則可提高食慾,還能促進胃酸分泌及腸蠕動,預防胃癌及腸癌。洋蔥裡的前列腺素A則可以改善血管中血液的黏稠度且擴張血管,進而預防血栓塞,改善血壓、血脂。
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtOLaxs5PUIOKaoOO_3r_Fvm1CrE61Ahb87C6l6skH87ZSvY7c4GmjFtf011tef9MhXEHMGXlM9qbqG4N7k1HycRG_t9Kxqw7JiGMU5b46aFJ6VlVmMG4zPm6SBdiuGHhzCOMOqheez4X8/s1600/%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E7%2594%25A2%25E9%2587%258F%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%258F%258A%25E5%2594%25AE%25E5%2583%25B9%25E6%25B7%25B1%25E5%258F%2597%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E6%25B0%25A3%25E5%25BD%25B1%25E9%259F%25BF%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E5%259C%25B0%25E5%258D%2580%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E8%25BF%2591%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E4%25BE%2586%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%2599%25BC%25E9%25A3%25B2%25E5%2593%2581%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%2585%2592%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%2586%25AC%25E6%25B2%25B9%25E7%25AD%2589%25E6%2596%25B9%25E5%25BC%258F%25E6%258B%2593%25E5%25B1%2595%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E5%2583%25B9%25E5%2580%25BC%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%25BB%25B6%25E7%25BA%258C%25E5%25B8%2582%25E5%25A0%25B4%25E8%2583%25BD%25E8%25A6%258B%25E5%25BA%25A6%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25EF%25BC%2589+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtOLaxs5PUIOKaoOO_3r_Fvm1CrE61Ahb87C6l6skH87ZSvY7c4GmjFtf011tef9MhXEHMGXlM9qbqG4N7k1HycRG_t9Kxqw7JiGMU5b46aFJ6VlVmMG4zPm6SBdiuGHhzCOMOqheez4X8/s640/%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E7%2594%25A2%25E9%2587%258F%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%258F%258A%25E5%2594%25AE%25E5%2583%25B9%25E6%25B7%25B1%25E5%258F%2597%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E6%25B0%25A3%25E5%25BD%25B1%25E9%259F%25BF%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E5%259C%25B0%25E5%258D%2580%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E8%25BF%2591%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E4%25BE%2586%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%2599%25BC%25E9%25A3%25B2%25E5%2593%2581%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%2585%2592%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%2586%25AC%25E6%25B2%25B9%25E7%25AD%2589%25E6%2596%25B9%25E5%25BC%258F%25E6%258B%2593%25E5%25B1%2595%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E5%2583%25B9%25E5%2580%25BC%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%25BB%25B6%25E7%25BA%258C%25E5%25B8%2582%25E5%25A0%25B4%25E8%2583%25BD%25E8%25A6%258B%25E5%25BA%25A6%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25EF%25BC%2589+%25282%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">洋蔥營養多多。<br />(圖片提供/恆春鎮農會)<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>洋蔥價格易受天氣波動,加工是必走之路</b><br />
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洋蔥產量以及售價深受天氣影響,2018年上半年國內洋蔥盛產,冷藏儲庫爆倉,去年全臺洋蔥收穫面積1399公頃,每公頃平均產量約54公噸,量多價跌。今(2019)年全臺洋蔥收穫面積略微縮水為1345公頃,每公頃平均產量約45公噸,全臺總產量減少約1萬4千多公噸。<br />
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屏東洋蔥佔全台洋蔥收穫面積約45.7%,今年於生長及採收階段遇上暖溼氣候,每公頃平均產量只有35.6公噸,不但低於全國平均值,甚至成為農損救助項目之一。<br />
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儘管今年洋蔥沒有爆倉問題,但收成量與價格隨天氣起落不定,「洋蔥加工是一定要走的路。」廖展毅認為,加工可以減少倉儲壓力。恆春鎮農會總幹事林順和也表示認同,當通路銷售洋蔥加工品,即可減少作物滯銷,甚至還能帶動原料價格上揚,「就算在產季過後,消費者還是可以在市場上看的到洋蔥產品,」藉此增加屏東洋蔥的能見度。 <div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjdHjxpBXbBRvKN2BfyvRZ_QomJX5izxGqSL5m9SUWB3DQScmifbiT8__lLILpP3l1MhF1K5YAB1TG3lVhVnFJZ5Zt5wsl_nzGtMS4eW6HmOMbQl9DT_gBfEEFLEklAwwwCEqs4UViQ8F4/w640-h480/%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E7%2594%25A2%25E9%2587%258F%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%258F%258A%25E5%2594%25AE%25E5%2583%25B9%25E6%25B7%25B1%25E5%258F%2597%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E6%25B0%25A3%25E5%25BD%25B1%25E9%259F%25BF%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B1%258F%25E6%259D%25B1%25E5%259C%25B0%25E5%258D%2580%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E8%25BF%2591%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E4%25BE%2586%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%2599%25BC%25E9%25A3%25B2%25E5%2593%2581%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%2585%2592%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%2586%25AC%25E6%25B2%25B9%25E7%25AD%2589%25E6%2596%25B9%25E5%25BC%258F%25E6%258B%2593%25E5%25B1%2595%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E5%2583%25B9%25E5%2580%25BC%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%25BB%25B6%25E7%25BA%258C%25E5%25B8%2582%25E5%25A0%25B4%25E8%2583%25BD%25E8%25A6%258B%25E5%25BA%25A6%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25EF%25BC%2589+%25281%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div>洋蔥產量以及售價深受天氣影響,</div><div>屏東地區農會近年來以研發飲品、酒、醬油等方式,</div><div>拓展洋蔥價值與延續市場能見度。</div><div>(圖片提供/恆春鎮農會)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>獨特技術讓菌株休眠,卻不失風味 </b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">恆春鎮農會一年多前找上國立屏東科技大學研發薄鹽醬油有成的食品科學系教授謝寶全,以在地雙寶小黑豆與洋蔥為原料,遵從古法缸釀180天發酵,在2018年恆春鎮農會創會百年時推出「洋蔥薄鹽醬油」。
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">由於洋蔥是地下作物,土壤中含有許多產耐熱性孢子之菌株,而菌株容易在製造過程中造成產品腐壞,因此必須除去。「孢子耐熱性較强且不易殺死……所以這就是為什麼洋蔥那麽好,卻沒人拿來做醬油。」考量到用高溫除掉孢子會喪失洋蔥的營養價值,謝寶全以獨門技術讓菌株休眠,鎖住洋蔥甘甜與香氣,「一瓶醬油可用上兩顆洋蔥」,不加鉀鹽、焦糖色素,發揮作物天然風味。</div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFWlUpbJx1ky5olsAANv5hRl28EHnK6leNbrDTfYyUln2WUOVyCC3vgjTAxcWuWQoXtH_lVYrMiAM9DnIk1ysGNX6C2c7fplj59PabPh77Iw48-CWZZVpKLD30C4TJZGBc0W5i2zKDfdE7/s2048/%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E3%2580%2581%25E5%25B1%258F%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%258A%2580%25E7%25AD%2589%25E7%2594%25A2%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E6%258A%2580%25E8%25A1%2593%25E5%2590%2588%25E4%25BD%259C%25E6%258E%25A8%25E5%2587%25BA%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E8%2596%2584%25E9%25B9%25BD%25E9%2586%25AC%25E6%25B2%25B9%25E3%2580%25822018%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%25B8%2582%25E8%2587%25B3%25E4%25BB%258A%25E5%25B7%25B2%25E9%258A%25B7%25E5%2594%25AE%25E8%25B6%2585%25E9%2581%258E1%25E8%2590%25AC%25E6%2594%25AF%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2003" data-original-width="2048" height="626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFWlUpbJx1ky5olsAANv5hRl28EHnK6leNbrDTfYyUln2WUOVyCC3vgjTAxcWuWQoXtH_lVYrMiAM9DnIk1ysGNX6C2c7fplj59PabPh77Iw48-CWZZVpKLD30C4TJZGBc0W5i2zKDfdE7/w640-h626/%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%25B1%258F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E3%2580%2581%25E5%25B1%258F%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%258A%2580%25E7%25AD%2589%25E7%2594%25A2%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E6%258A%2580%25E8%25A1%2593%25E5%2590%2588%25E4%25BD%259C%25E6%258E%25A8%25E5%2587%25BA%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E8%2596%2584%25E9%25B9%25BD%25E9%2586%25AC%25E6%25B2%25B9%25E3%2580%25822018%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%25B8%2582%25E8%2587%25B3%25E4%25BB%258A%25E5%25B7%25B2%25E9%258A%25B7%25E5%2594%25AE%25E8%25B6%2585%25E9%2581%258E1%25E8%2590%25AC%25E6%2594%25AF%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> 洋蔥醬油禮盒。</div></div>(圖片提供/恆春鎮農會)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div></div><div><b>將辛辣味轉化為油蔥味,拌飯會有肉燥香 </b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>嗆鼻口感來自「蒜素」成分,林順和直言:「那個味道人家不喜歡。」考量到市場反應,於是謝寶全透過特殊加工技術,將辛辣味轉化為油蔥味,「有人說用這瓶醬油拌飯,會有肉燥飯的香氣。」
</div><div><br /></div><div>洋蔥醬油從2018年10月上市至今,8個月來在農會系統上銷售超過1萬支。「1萬多支裡面,當地業者差不多佔三、四成。」林順和說,除了農會系統、郵局、屏大生技通路對外銷售,還獲得許多在地業者指定這一味滷肉。但他直言,還需要兩三年觀察才能確定是否經得起市場考驗。 </div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6FH1zA3Bmh7jM2S5hDcAVAQtoEDO8U-tKFz_UIKNkua7yO_qtJA0eQ204Wu7Kp_ac30zniEAGNMVgoSWUd-xshfDOFXzzrzZ6guPffTqNG5ZoWRkp9tJi-n7ZoOGpFUaQM5bzSutFGy_2/s2048/%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E7%25B8%25BD%25E5%25B9%25B9%25E4%25BA%258B%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%2592%258C%25E9%25A0%2586%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%25B7%25A6%25EF%25BC%2589%25E8%25AA%258D%25E5%2590%258C%25E6%2587%2589%25E5%25A4%259A%25E6%2596%25B9%25E5%2598%2597%25E8%25A9%25A6%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E5%258A%25A0%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="恆春鎮農會總幹事林順和(左)認同應多方嘗試洋蔥加工。 (提供/恆春鎮農會)" border="0" data-original-height="1362" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6FH1zA3Bmh7jM2S5hDcAVAQtoEDO8U-tKFz_UIKNkua7yO_qtJA0eQ204Wu7Kp_ac30zniEAGNMVgoSWUd-xshfDOFXzzrzZ6guPffTqNG5ZoWRkp9tJi-n7ZoOGpFUaQM5bzSutFGy_2/w640-h426/%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25E7%25B8%25BD%25E5%25B9%25B9%25E4%25BA%258B%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%2592%258C%25E9%25A0%2586%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%25B7%25A6%25EF%25BC%2589%25E8%25AA%258D%25E5%2590%258C%25E6%2587%2589%25E5%25A4%259A%25E6%2596%25B9%25E5%2598%2597%25E8%25A9%25A6%25E6%25B4%258B%25E8%2594%25A5%25E5%258A%25A0%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E6%2581%2586%25E6%2598%25A5%25E9%258E%25AE%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259C%2583%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">恆春鎮農會總幹事林順和(左)認同應多方嘗試洋蔥加工。</div><div>(提供/恆春鎮農會)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><b>枋山地區農會推廣部:產品真材實料,但行銷通路是挑戰</b> </div><div><br /></div><div>洋蔥加工品研發和產品推出大多時候不是一帆風順。「有想法不代表能拓展出去。」枋山地區農會推廣部表示,過去農會曾經將洋蔥乾燥後製成脆片零食,但保存期限過短、成本吃不消,只能放棄。
</div><div><br /></div><div>「做成試驗品的時候,大家吃過都說好吃,問題是保存期限太短了,不是說放半年、一年,超過那個時間再打開吃你就覺得不好吃──放太久會有油味跑出來,要克服保存、防潮;而且成本單價超貴,市面上一包洋芋片20塊,我們那一包幾十克要40、50元。我們有算過市場可能會推不動。」枋山農會推廣部坦言,農會推出的產品是真材實料,行銷和通路是農會較弱的一環,拿到市場上競爭差人一截,只能黯然退場。
</div><div><br /></div><div><b>洋蔥米乖乖、洋蔥紅酒,拓展洋蔥潛力 </b></div><div><br /></div><div>除了產學合作,恆春鎮農會還嘗試其他洋蔥加工品。今年初屏東縣政府在臺灣燈會中發給候車遊客的「洋蔥米乖乖」,是食品廠商與農會合作在洋蔥盛產期收購磨粉製成,一度還在超商限量販售。
</div><div><br /></div><div>林順和說:「4噸洋蔥才能磨成200公斤的粉……銷售不錯,但是廠商策略是季節性的東西,(一年)只做一批,我們原來還想長期合作。」此外,為了維持洋蔥產品在消費市場上的新鮮感,農會每隔3、4年會把上市6、7年的洋蔥紅酒調整包裝,讓消費者有耳目一新的感受,希望透過加工,持續擦亮屏東洋蔥招牌。
</div></div><div><br /></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-67735398749276346792019-06-27T17:33:00.000+08:002020-05-16T23:05:07.448+08:00台東/利卡夢部落小孩與他們的菜<span style="font-size: 18px;">(本文為作者任職</span>《上下游新聞》期間發表作品〈讓靈魂會癢到跑掉的、吃了會尿很遠的植物,利卡夢的小孩與他們的菜〉,原文刊載<a href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/121872/" target="_blank">於此</a><span style="font-size: 18px;">)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , "arial" , , "biaukai" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , "arial" , , "biaukai" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">◎文/陳品君</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "microsoft jhenghei" , "arial" , , "biaukai" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span>
部落一角,活動中心斜坡旁幾顆立正站好的檳榔樹間可見裝飾圍籬──今天可能是「捕夢網」、「花環」,隔兩天可能是「人面蜘蛛」。大人先是擬定圖案外形與骨幹,隨季節變化材料;孩子發揮巧思將綠葉紅花填補入裡──學校隔著一道自然系圍籬,與產業道路、住家、活動中心層層疊疊相望。<br />
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太陽熱情如火的六月中,自然系圍籬旁的活動中心驪歌響起,台東卑南利嘉國小五位畢業生穿過芋葉、小米、紅藜、黃瓜等蔬果藤木裝飾搭建而成的植物拱門,象徵邁向人生新階段。舞台背景裝飾則有鳳梨、月桃果、腎蕨、山藥等,這些植物好朋友日日夜夜在田間、林道、菜園、校園、部落餐桌上陪伴在場的孩子。而他們與孩子祖先緊密聯繫落下的生活智慧,從山林鄉間、從代代相傳,收進了《你是我的菜:利卡夢生活植物》一書中。<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">台東卑南利嘉國小畢業典禮布置可見部落生活植物。(攝影/陳品君)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyo4qvlKcc0r2Ao_82Hbqnja39lfkjSwxUP5fO-1dlj_ungHmrTwItMEmkpcohKLHiKAWhSoH73JgTi8ymqofEs_cnPqiV1WO9oyCpYwRfkjevTgTtOrT03lbg_mO4RjgEMI1S1yBuex-t/s1600/%25E8%2587%25BA%25E6%259D%25B1%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%258D%2580%25E7%25AE%25A1%25E7%2590%2586%25E8%2599%259503.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1044" data-original-width="1568" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyo4qvlKcc0r2Ao_82Hbqnja39lfkjSwxUP5fO-1dlj_ungHmrTwItMEmkpcohKLHiKAWhSoH73JgTi8ymqofEs_cnPqiV1WO9oyCpYwRfkjevTgTtOrT03lbg_mO4RjgEMI1S1yBuex-t/s640/%25E8%2587%25BA%25E6%259D%25B1%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%258D%2580%25E7%25AE%25A1%25E7%2590%2586%25E8%2599%259503.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(照片提供/林務局臺東林區管理處)</td></tr>
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<b>卑南族部落利卡夢,民族植物傳承文化 </b><br />
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「利卡夢」是台東卑南族其一部落傳統名稱,外界多稱「利嘉」,源自卑南語Likavung。相傳Likavung祖先在這片土地種植芋頭,收成時不僅長得又多又茂盛,芋葉形狀更是大如帽。卑南語帽子叫kabung,因此族人稱此地Likavung(利卡夢)。<br />
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延續利嘉林道植物調查研究基礎,由林務局台東林區管理處與台東縣永續發展學會結合部落耆老、利嘉國小師生以及社區巡守隊,歷經3年共同參與「民族植物」課程與專書製作。<br />
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「植物的生活文化是很重要的事情。透過小朋友學習與調查、耆老與中生代報導或者是再學習最後成書,這些對族人認識周遭生活植物與文化傳承有大大提升作用。」台東縣永續發展學會總幹事黃正德提到,到了學期尾聲,小朋友都能認識20種以上植物,大人也為了教小孩再向長輩學習和詢問。透過系統性資料整理和編排,民族植物課程資料還能加以留存。<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;">
台東縣永續發展學會總幹事黃正德期望</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
《你是我的菜:利卡夢生活植物》</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
不僅是部落參考書,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
還能將文化記憶傳承下去。</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(攝影/陳品君)</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXOOMvyH8DwxNKjdi1pXluhJTftdFiQbgklWy5ylLtSOTJFk5Qxo7kh4999njdyuSsF6mBAOyta6mrthDqBpdTZsUTmc3U4mWcqZzPmzt5pwCwzjBtxTjhpTPFvIfXF7HpqdUgZPNA4Uiu/s1600/%25E6%259B%25B8%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E7%25B7%25A8%25E6%258E%2592%25E9%25A2%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E9%2599%25A4%25E4%25BA%2586%25E8%25B2%25BC%25E8%25BF%2591%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%25B8%25B8%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%25B4%25BB%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2582%2584%25E5%258F%25AF%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%25BE%259E%25E7%25B9%25AA%25E5%259C%2596%25E8%2588%2587%25E6%259B%25B8%25E5%25AF%25AB%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E7%259C%258B%25E8%25A6%258B%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E6%2597%258F%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E3%2580%2581%25E5%25B8%25AB%25E7%2594%259F%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%2595%25B7%25E8%25BC%25A9%25E9%25BD%258A%25E5%258A%259B%25E5%258F%2583%25E8%2588%2587%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E7%25BF%25BB%25E6%2594%259D%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXOOMvyH8DwxNKjdi1pXluhJTftdFiQbgklWy5ylLtSOTJFk5Qxo7kh4999njdyuSsF6mBAOyta6mrthDqBpdTZsUTmc3U4mWcqZzPmzt5pwCwzjBtxTjhpTPFvIfXF7HpqdUgZPNA4Uiu/s640/%25E6%259B%25B8%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E7%25B7%25A8%25E6%258E%2592%25E9%25A2%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E9%2599%25A4%25E4%25BA%2586%25E8%25B2%25BC%25E8%25BF%2591%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%25B8%25B8%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%25B4%25BB%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2582%2584%25E5%258F%25AF%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%25BE%259E%25E7%25B9%25AA%25E5%259C%2596%25E8%2588%2587%25E6%259B%25B8%25E5%25AF%25AB%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E7%259C%258B%25E8%25A6%258B%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E6%2597%258F%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E3%2580%2581%25E5%25B8%25AB%25E7%2594%259F%25E3%2580%2581%25E9%2595%25B7%25E8%25BC%25A9%25E9%25BD%258A%25E5%258A%259B%25E5%258F%2583%25E8%2588%2587%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E7%25BF%25BB%25E6%2594%259D%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">書中編排風格除了貼近日常生活,</span><br />
<span style="text-align: left;">還可以從繪圖與書寫中看見利嘉族人、師生、長輩齊力參與。</span><br />
<span style="text-align: left;">(翻攝/陳品君)</span></td></tr>
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<b>《你是我的菜:利卡夢生活植物》</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
《你是我的菜:利卡夢生活植物》書中節選55種利嘉在山林、原野、部落常見的生活植物。版面編排上,左半邊上方是植物實景照;下方是學生觀察植物特徵、詢問耆老植物特徵與用途的口述整理記錄,也包含低年級拓印和高年級學生繪圖;右半邊則是台東縣永續發展學會執行秘書陽美花根據文獻和耆老口述綜合書寫,有時穿插簡單家常料理方式。<br />
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陽美花說,書寫上屏除生硬敘述,採用平易近人直白描寫,像是「咬人貓lingatren—讓靈魂會癢到跑掉的植物」、「野牡丹adas—吃了可以尿很遠的植物」、「臺灣山蘇lukutr-美味下酒菜」。<br />
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「書中把植物母語突顯出來,讓年輕小孩也能學習,傳承意義在裡面。我們也把這本書送給部落──著作權就給部落永久使用。」台東林區管理處處長劉瓊蓮在新書發表會上強調專書的傳承意義,她提到書中的生活智慧歸於部落,無償開放專書授權讓部落日後自由運用。<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">台東林區管理處處長劉瓊蓮(左)<br />
(照片提供/臺東林區管理處)</td></tr>
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<b>漢人以為是雜草,部落知道是寶</b><br />
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利嘉社區發展協會理事吳金朗是書中報導人之一,從小和 mumu(卑南語中長輩之意)上山工作,他隨口一提與部落密切相關的植物:山柚。「山柚是可以食用和製作生活器具的植物。它的嫩葉可以食用;傳統器具裡面,可以拿來做木碗、木湯匙。」<br />
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吳金朗補充,山柚是低海拔灌木,原本容易在100公尺到500公尺山坡地都可以看到蹤跡,只是山坡地經一定程度開發後,便沒有那麼容易見到。山柚對部落的重要性還可以從這方面觀察:「在漢人村莊不會去食用,可能會當作野草處理掉;不過在我們部落田裡面有就會留著,甚至還會刻意繁殖起來。」<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUUEUHLpaB3LvnSkM7mPaGSlwQHRXLqNQeWs0RT9YK1Yb8Ilx-9rLSW5yBHMxKMp2jKV7LRERDkrWmPRaL58zxvdZ5VNSy61VaFBDNALxILqPQqKt9zq7vtCkpSsUYkWxPZexG5uu7LEv/s1600/%25E5%2590%25B3%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259C%2597%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%25AA%25BD%25E5%25AA%25BD%25E5%2590%25B3%25E4%25B8%2581%25E5%25A6%25B9%25E5%25BE%259E%25E5%25B0%258F%25E5%259C%25A8%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E9%2583%25A8%25E8%2590%25BD%25E9%2595%25B7%25E5%25A4%25A7%25EF%25BC%258C%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%25B8%25B8%25E5%2588%25B0%25E5%25BE%258C%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E4%25BD%259C%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B0%258D%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%25B4%25BB%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E5%25A6%2582%25E6%2595%25B8%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E7%258F%258D%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUUEUHLpaB3LvnSkM7mPaGSlwQHRXLqNQeWs0RT9YK1Yb8Ilx-9rLSW5yBHMxKMp2jKV7LRERDkrWmPRaL58zxvdZ5VNSy61VaFBDNALxILqPQqKt9zq7vtCkpSsUYkWxPZexG5uu7LEv/s640/%25E5%2590%25B3%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%259C%2597%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%25AA%25BD%25E5%25AA%25BD%25E5%2590%25B3%25E4%25B8%2581%25E5%25A6%25B9%25E5%25BE%259E%25E5%25B0%258F%25E5%259C%25A8%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E9%2583%25A8%25E8%2590%25BD%25E9%2595%25B7%25E5%25A4%25A7%25EF%25BC%258C%25E4%25B9%259F%25E5%25B8%25B8%25E5%2588%25B0%25E5%25BE%258C%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E4%25BD%259C%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%25B0%258D%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%25B4%25BB%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E5%25A6%2582%25E6%2595%25B8%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E7%258F%258D%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;">
吳金朗與媽媽吳丁妹從小在利嘉部落長大,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
也常到後山工作,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
對生活植物如數家珍。</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(攝影/陳品君)</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>從山林引發教育,師生一起認識植物</b><br />
學校老師並沒有人是從小就在部落長大,如何從每週一節課的鄉土教育課程帶領學生認識家鄉,不是一件容易的事,加上傳承中斷是部落的難題。而這次學校在與林務局、國本農場合作主題教學設計上,讓孩子大量提問和對話。<br />
<br />
負責一年級班級的老師陳佳淇認為:「透過孩子去問家長,讓家長知道:第一,學校正在進行這樣的活動;第二,這也是你應該教孩子,因為野菜來自這片山林。」從孩子提問中,可以讓學校教育銜接家庭教育,而孩子找不到答案,學校也有安排耆老與孩子對話,讓他們從蒐集資料、觀察記錄實作中,跳脫課堂、課本向地方學習。<br />
<br />
畢業生圍坐一圈,說起印象深刻的植物。雖然大家不見得可以馬上說出植物名稱,但是七嘴八舌討論起「那個可以做掃把的植物」──其中一位孩子突然想起:「那是山棕,可以綁阿粨(卑南族的糯米粽)。」另一位孩子則想起:「假酸漿葉,年祭的時候,阿嬤會拿來包阿粨。」一位一年級學生溫王佳貞也對假酸漿葉印象深刻,「有一點點苦,很好吃。」她在學校學到以後,成為阿嬤的小幫手,之後和阿嬤一起上山採葉的時候,她能幫忙辨識出來。<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeeneBPf0S0X9SjwPNH5WrLb6b0QgMWYzooANNtg6dTUuHkVEw5UJKZPg0v0E2755LcvH2isv2s5UMwVmHYSDpIp52uonOkZzQKcVsjeMZlTC-2OWuVakVPaJf2ebTDGCQY4BpE9hkGt89/s1600/%25E7%259C%258B%25E5%2588%25B0%25E7%2586%25B1%25E9%25A8%25B0%25E9%25A8%25B0%25E6%2596%25B0%25E6%259B%25B8%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%25B0%258F%25E8%2580%2581%25E5%25B8%25AB%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E7%2594%259F%25E7%25BF%25BB%25E9%2596%25B1%25E6%258C%2587%25E8%25AA%258D%25E8%2587%25AA%25E5%25B7%25B1%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%2590%258D%25E5%25AD%2597%25E8%2588%2587%25E4%25BD%259C%25E5%2593%2581%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeeneBPf0S0X9SjwPNH5WrLb6b0QgMWYzooANNtg6dTUuHkVEw5UJKZPg0v0E2755LcvH2isv2s5UMwVmHYSDpIp52uonOkZzQKcVsjeMZlTC-2OWuVakVPaJf2ebTDGCQY4BpE9hkGt89/s640/%25E7%259C%258B%25E5%2588%25B0%25E7%2586%25B1%25E9%25A8%25B0%25E9%25A8%25B0%25E6%2596%25B0%25E6%259B%25B8%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%25B0%258F%25E8%2580%2581%25E5%25B8%25AB%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E7%2594%259F%25E7%25BF%25BB%25E9%2596%25B1%25E6%258C%2587%25E8%25AA%258D%25E8%2587%25AA%25E5%25B7%25B1%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%2590%258D%25E5%25AD%2597%25E8%2588%2587%25E4%25BD%259C%25E5%2593%2581%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">看到熱騰騰新書,<br />
利嘉國小老師與學生翻閱指認自己的名字與作品。<br />
(攝影/陳品君)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgruGK6ehGLt1I8jkNw6IlWqgkzvzHX1dcTdUsLSC8RwhYC0qPTabvmaRCcxqn4PQO2ETVH4-aVvw058BZmYRbSwychRp6oW3rY__QFcFIxLglLUiB69BJnQoPUjt2ljkVDNR_jh-rZzs-Q/s1600/%25E5%258D%2591%25E5%258D%2597%25E6%2597%258F%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E7%2594%25A8%25E6%259C%2588%25E6%25A1%2583%25E8%2591%2589%25E5%258C%2585%25E8%25A6%2586%25E9%2598%25BF%25E7%25B2%25A8%25E8%25A3%25A1%25E9%259D%25A2%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25A4%25A1%25E6%2596%2599%25EF%25BC%259B%25E7%25B3%25AF%25E7%25B1%25B3%25E8%2588%2587%25E6%259C%2588%25E6%25A1%2583%25E8%2591%2589%25E9%2596%2593%25E9%259A%2594%25E8%2591%2597%25E5%2581%2587%25E9%2585%25B8%25E6%25BC%25BF%25E5%25B8%25B6%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%25B9%25BC%25E6%2580%25A7%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%258F%25AF%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%25B9%25AB%25E5%258A%25A9%25E6%25B6%2588%25E5%258C%2596%25E3%2580%2582%25E5%2585%25A9%25E8%2580%2585%25E9%2583%25BD%25E6%2598%25AF%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E9%2583%25A8%25E8%2590%25BD%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%25B4%25BB%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgruGK6ehGLt1I8jkNw6IlWqgkzvzHX1dcTdUsLSC8RwhYC0qPTabvmaRCcxqn4PQO2ETVH4-aVvw058BZmYRbSwychRp6oW3rY__QFcFIxLglLUiB69BJnQoPUjt2ljkVDNR_jh-rZzs-Q/s640/%25E5%258D%2591%25E5%258D%2597%25E6%2597%258F%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E7%2594%25A8%25E6%259C%2588%25E6%25A1%2583%25E8%2591%2589%25E5%258C%2585%25E8%25A6%2586%25E9%2598%25BF%25E7%25B2%25A8%25E8%25A3%25A1%25E9%259D%25A2%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%25A4%25A1%25E6%2596%2599%25EF%25BC%259B%25E7%25B3%25AF%25E7%25B1%25B3%25E8%2588%2587%25E6%259C%2588%25E6%25A1%2583%25E8%2591%2589%25E9%2596%2593%25E9%259A%2594%25E8%2591%2597%25E5%2581%2587%25E9%2585%25B8%25E6%25BC%25BF%25E5%25B8%25B6%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%25B9%25BC%25E6%2580%25A7%25EF%25BC%258C%25E5%258F%25AF%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E5%25B9%25AB%25E5%258A%25A9%25E6%25B6%2588%25E5%258C%2596%25E3%2580%2582%25E5%2585%25A9%25E8%2580%2585%25E9%2583%25BD%25E6%2598%25AF%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E9%2583%25A8%25E8%2590%25BD%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%2594%259F%25E6%25B4%25BB%25E6%25A4%258D%25E7%2589%25A9%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%2594%259D%25E5%25BD%25B1%25EF%25BC%258F%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2593%2581%25E5%2590%259B%25EF%25BC%2589.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;">
卑南族人用月桃葉包覆阿粨裡面的餡料;</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
糯米與月桃葉間隔著假酸漿帶有鹼性,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
可以幫助消化。</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
兩者都是利嘉部落的生活植物。</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(攝影/陳品君)</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>「自然系圍籬」裝飾地景</b><br />
<br />
部落一角的「自然系圍籬」地景裝飾,恰恰是學生連同族人善用生活植物的熱情展現。黃正德說:「裡面可以體現幾個東西:構圖、創意,接下來是對植物的使用,過程中也可以學習植物名稱和特性。」<br />
<br />
前些日子裡,利嘉村村長林肯毅在民俗植物田野編織課堂上,指著圍籬上的編織品對學生說:「很多人登山在山上為什麼死掉?他們是凍死不是餓死!學會這個可以就地取材遮風、避雨、保暖,而且動物聞不到你──因為身上有草味,黑熊也不會找上你。」學生聽了這段有趣的經驗分享,不禁哈哈大笑。<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJeZL-jgtZZdAacn_fDt-Rp29BJ_RRlr4Nl7y4RICE4wu6AFNca2Z-PyLFWtym6xiCyZ4BijVola1rFhCT3VL45tJHUMLfqMyj2fgmiSyH1Jlod0mbTlc4C7lHkhyHo9lk4M0Uon7HOguz/s1600/%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E7%2594%25A2%25E6%25A5%25AD%25E9%2581%2593%25E8%25B7%25AF%25E4%25B8%258A%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%2587%25AA%25E7%2584%25B6%25E7%25B3%25BB%25E5%259C%258D%25E7%25B1%25AC%25E6%2598%25AF%25E9%2583%25A8%25E8%2590%25BD%25E6%2597%258F%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%25B0%258F%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E7%2594%259F%25E9%2581%258B%25E7%2594%25A8%25E8%258A%25B1%25E8%258D%2589%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%259B%2586%25E9%25AB%2594%25E5%2589%25B5%25E4%25BD%259C%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%258B%2599%25E5%25B1%2580%25E8%2587%25BA%25E6%259D%25B1%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%258D%2580%25E7%25AE%25A1%25E7%2590%2586%25E8%2599%2595%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1028" data-original-width="1600" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJeZL-jgtZZdAacn_fDt-Rp29BJ_RRlr4Nl7y4RICE4wu6AFNca2Z-PyLFWtym6xiCyZ4BijVola1rFhCT3VL45tJHUMLfqMyj2fgmiSyH1Jlod0mbTlc4C7lHkhyHo9lk4M0Uon7HOguz/s640/%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E7%2594%25A2%25E6%25A5%25AD%25E9%2581%2593%25E8%25B7%25AF%25E4%25B8%258A%25EF%25BC%258C%25E8%2587%25AA%25E7%2584%25B6%25E7%25B3%25BB%25E5%259C%258D%25E7%25B1%25AC%25E6%2598%25AF%25E9%2583%25A8%25E8%2590%25BD%25E6%2597%258F%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2598%2589%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%25B0%258F%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E7%2594%259F%25E9%2581%258B%25E7%2594%25A8%25E8%258A%25B1%25E8%258D%2589%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%259B%2586%25E9%25AB%2594%25E5%2589%25B5%25E4%25BD%259C%25E3%2580%2582%25EF%25BC%2588%25E6%258F%2590%25E4%25BE%259B%25EF%25BC%258F%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%258B%2599%25E5%25B1%2580%25E8%2587%25BA%25E6%259D%25B1%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%258D%2580%25E7%25AE%25A1%25E7%2590%2586%25E8%2599%2595%25EF%25BC%2589.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;">
利嘉產業道路上,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
自然系圍籬是部落族人和利嘉國小學生運用花草的集體創作。</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(照片提供/林務局臺東林區管理處)</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0954台灣台東縣卑南鄉卑南22.7848196 121.083444622.667732599999997 120.92208310000001 22.9019066 121.2448061tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-63230320630701675752019-06-02T12:23:00.001+08:002023-03-21T22:57:47.149+08:00南方音樂夢/莊壽臣音樂路:1940年代自學樂器到1960年代高級飯店演出<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIH9qgCWCNO8WSSvsom2P8moOVVJTI_VhCxVVnCQwYrq1HQR4dFPUP7cdDSx-V9KrKKYtsrCsnsWdMPuSOBp2OnBBK1RxuiNpuOquuVptdsh2JtEagdKA5ocJzXZpMZi9fp59e3xB23jgG/s1600/02-%25E9%25A6%2596%25E5%259C%2596.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1084" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIH9qgCWCNO8WSSvsom2P8moOVVJTI_VhCxVVnCQwYrq1HQR4dFPUP7cdDSx-V9KrKKYtsrCsnsWdMPuSOBp2OnBBK1RxuiNpuOquuVptdsh2JtEagdKA5ocJzXZpMZi9fp59e3xB23jgG/s1600/02-%25E9%25A6%2596%25E5%259C%2596.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
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1960年代晚期,國防部藝工隊在臨海大舞廳欣賞樂團演出後,與莊壽臣(前排左一)及其家人合影。右一為歌手余天。</div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">編按:今年3月,本站收到莊佶霖<a href="http://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2015/08/blog-post.html?showComment=1553659837120#c478285008200080383" target="_blank">留言</a>與來信。他在「<a href="https://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2015/08/blog-post.html" target="_blank">南方音樂夢</a>」系列報導中看見阿公「莊壽臣」的名字,想知道報導中的文件、照片從何而來。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">莊壽臣曾經是屏東音樂聞人鄭有忠創辦的樂團一員,1940年代晚期北上參加國民政府接收臺灣後成立的公營交響樂團(今日國立臺灣交響樂團)數月。本站近日與莊佶霖聯繫,訪談他所知道的祖父過往,雖然有更多細節需要再確認,但為了讓更多人瞭解臺灣音樂史以及更多有忠管絃樂團成員後人可以查詢到類似資料,本站刊登部份訪談內容,讀者如果有更多補充資料,或是類似背景的後人願意接受本站訪談,歡迎留言或來信:<a href="mailto:cultureintw@gmail.com">cultureintw@gmail.com</a>。</span>
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◎文/陳品君、影像提供/莊佶霖<br />
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莊壽臣在1976年50歲離世,今年46歲的莊佶霖沒有太多關於阿公的記憶。「年紀到了,會翻一些以前的東西來瞭解家族。去問了姑姑、叔叔,現在不問以後就沒得問了……第三代還可以問的到,第四代應該就沒機會了,像我現在(得到的消息)已經很零散。」他從親友口中、老照片和網路資料一點一滴拼湊阿公的樣子:頂著三七分頭、戴著圓框眼鏡、配上講究裝束。從小自學音樂,為了更上一層樓,師從當時赫赫有名的有忠管絃樂團團長鄭有忠,後來以單簧管項目考進「臺灣省行政長官公署交響樂團」(下稱「省交」),而在不同時期,可以在戲院、禮堂、舞廳看見他演奏各式各樣樂器的身影。<br />
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<a name='more'></a><b>愛樂青年從名師提升琴技</b><br />
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莊壽臣生於1926年,屏東市人,高雄州立屏東農業學校畢業。根據太太莊楊銀杏手稿紀錄,他在17歲時(1943年,日治時期)和姊夫前往屏東海豐找鄭有忠學習古典樂,當時鄭有忠剛從日本二度習樂返臺,重啟有忠管絃樂團。
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">1941年15、16歲的莊壽臣(中)在高雄 パラダイス喫茶站(可譯為「天堂咖啡店」。パラダイス是日文外來語:Paradise,意「天堂」)持單簧管與樂友合影,並在照片上註記「大家恰巧有開始一起學音樂的機會」。右一為莊壽臣的小提琴老師鄭有忠。</span></div>
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在一場1945年11月戰後「慶祝臺灣光復節」展演紀錄中,莊壽臣在樂團中吹奏小號。幾個月後,20歲的他和幾位年紀相仿的屏東小夥子北上赴省交徵選,以「單簧管」獲職。然而戰後時局動盪,還沒辦法站穩國家音樂舞臺,1947年2月中莊壽臣和陳添桂、李思保(如果此人同是有忠管絃樂團成員,名字可能是李恩保)、曾金量一同離職。</div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">1946年7月莊壽臣成為臺灣省行政長官公署交響樂團管弦隊隊員,月薪120元(參考〈</span><a href="https://www.drnh.gov.tw/app/index.php?Action=downloadfile&file=WW05dmF5ODFOUzl3ZEdKZk16ZzVNRjg0TURrMU16ZzFYelUzTlRrd0xuQmtaZz09&fname=0054RPA0RK00CD11VS04WW14ZSB4UW35PKFGTWMPXXFDNLNL" style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15pt;" target="_blank">臺灣省行政長官公署對臺籍行政人員之接收與安置</a><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">〉一文,當時公務機關臺籍職員月薪為50至220元不等)。來源/國史館臺灣文獻館</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">1947年2月,莊壽臣等人自省交提請離職。據莊佶霖表示,阿公1月時就已經離開省交,2月時公務機關才完成文件辦理流程。來源/國史館臺灣文獻館</span>
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國家樂手曇花現,沒有澆熄他的音樂熱忱</b><br />
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現存節目單中顯示,莊壽臣離開省交後,至少在1953、1960、1961、1966年都有參與有忠管絃樂團演出,在樂團成員流動頻繁的年代,莊壽臣參與記錄相對完整。除此之外,參與樂團期間,莊壽臣還橫跨管絃樂器演出。莊佶霖表示,雖然親友知道阿公會鋼琴、小提琴、薩克斯風、單簧管和長笛,從文獻中還意外發現他會中提琴、小號和雙簧管。雖然碩士論文研究鄭有忠與其樂團的洪梅芳分析,1970年代以前由於臺灣演奏人才有限,一人會上好幾樣樂器是普遍現象,不過像莊壽臣橫跨多種樂器參與演出還是少見。
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">莊佶霖把阿公的樂器留在身邊。這支單簧管可能是本文第一張照片中莊壽臣所持單簧管。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">莊佶霖把阿公的樂器留在身邊。1946年出廠薩克斯風,還能正常演奏。</span><br />
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<b>職業樂士音樂傳後</b><br />
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1940年代除了參加樂團公演之外,莊壽臣還以職業樂師為努力方向,可說是工作和生活都離不開音樂。據太太莊楊銀杏手稿紀錄,1947年21歲的莊壽臣在高雄舞ラ上班。
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">1956年莊壽臣(左三)參與樂隊演出。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">1958年莊壽臣(最後排右四)參與日本東方歌舞團演出。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">1958年莊壽臣(前排右二)參與「文夏音樂會」演出,前排右七為歌手文夏。</span><br />
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1950年莊壽臣舉家搬到臺南,日後大多在高雄、臺南各大飯店、舞廳以及美軍俱樂部工作。「那時候臺灣有美國駐軍,……(後來也)在美軍俱樂部上班賺美金。阿公21歲時我父親出生,13歲就被阿公教薩克斯風跟單簧管。……他們很潮,都是很早就玩樂器了。」莊佶霖說,受到阿公影響,父執輩有許多人以音樂維生,父親莊清峰16歲就跟著阿公在美軍俱樂部上班。</div>
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「我爸說,他那時候練到很苦,所以他3年就可以變成職業等級出師賺錢:6點起床,吃完飯7點開始練;中午休息,下午2點一直練到吃完飯;吃完飯繼續練到晚上9點,每天只有樂器。」或許父親是苦過來的、或許是學音樂的人越來越多,莊佶霖說,父親並沒有像阿公一樣鼓勵孩子走音樂這一行。「假設我從小受栽培到美國紐約茱莉亞學院,畢業回來不見得有好的工作維生。以前是競爭少,但是開始想跟誰學根本都不知道;現在是競爭太大。」他感慨。
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">在父親指導下,莊清峰學會薩克斯風與單簧管並邁向表演工作,1975年在統一大飯店演出,後來受到指揮林家慶邀請進入中視大樂隊擔綱樂手直到1998年樂隊解散。</span><br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="439" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/TCxq4wUkZDU" width="780"></iframe><br />
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 15.0pt;">1997年6月22日臺北音樂職業工會明星大樂團於大安森林公園演出 Louis Prima搖擺樂〈Sing, Sing, Sing〉。影片2分17秒有莊清峰單獨表演單簧管。</span><b><br /></b><b><br /></b><br />
<b>第三代轉彎,音樂調劑身心</b><br />
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無論是有忠管絃樂團發展,或者是音樂對莊家影響,都反映音樂風氣與時俱變。洪梅芳在論文中分析,由於樂器與人數缺乏,雖然在1930年代有忠管絃樂團一度被樂評人建議轉型為「爵士樂團」(爵士樂通常為小型樂團,常見樂器編制有小號、長號、薩克斯風、鋼琴、低音提琴、鼓等),但由後期樂團演出絃樂器增加,可知鄭有忠力圖改善管、絃樂不均情形、維持「西洋管絃樂團」形式,甚至達中型管絃樂團編制。莊佶霖說,阿公當年向鄭有忠學習古典樂,不過日後美軍進駐臺帶來音樂文化,他在職業演奏上轉向爵士風格。<br />
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「而我父親就無法接受太過流行的音樂,只能接受古典樂、爵士樂。」莊佶霖說,像他這樣沒有走音樂的第三代,後來歌仔戲、布袋戲配樂以及大眾流行歌曲都能進到手機的音樂播放單,曾有朋友疑惑向他說:「你怎麼可以差異性這麼大,可以聽幾號交響曲,然後馬上接霹靂布袋戲,還是接素還真?」<br />
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自莊佶霖有記憶以來,家中無論是打擊樂器、管樂、絃樂器都是觸手可及,音響流瀉出來的各國曲調散佈在家中每個角落;每每有歌星和樂手造訪,家中在眾人即興演出之下,彷彿成為高級飯店演奏現場……如今雖然他沒吃音樂飯,但興致一來,吹奏薩克斯風倒也調劑身心、陶冶性情——而不為生計奔波的單純吹奏,或許更能貼近阿公16歲時剛接觸音樂時的那份心境。<br />
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■資料提供<br />
影像資料:莊佶霖、國史館臺灣文獻館<br />
諮詢:蕭珍記文化藝術基金會基金會董事蕭景文<br />
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<span style="background-color: #38761d;"><span style="color: white;">「南方音樂夢」系列報導</span></span><br />
<a href="http://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2015/08/70.html" target="_blank">70年前,一支屏東私人樂團半數成員進入國家交響樂團</a><br />
<a href="https://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2015/08/blog-post.html" target="_blank">他,催生洋樓裡的樂團成為南臺灣音樂人才的搖籃</a><br />
<a href="https://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2019/05/80.html" target="_blank">屏東崇蘭昌黎殿 看見與聽見80年前樂團故事</a><br />
<br />陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-40117507374612732272019-05-30T17:16:00.002+08:002023-03-21T22:57:31.564+08:00南方音樂夢/在屏東崇蘭昌黎殿看見與聽見80年前樂團故事<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6epmVuUit4N2rehxKyIrFhXkL1YgYok79rkueKlNATNvc4SvtTFc746MIgafu40rj7e-j2Wkj_HDOj6sSA9F-KIwwLYZ5VFbRIwd2tWmQ2npYpJ6RI9NNAqh8Q9DAspKtwIm454N7Lymd/s1600/01.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6epmVuUit4N2rehxKyIrFhXkL1YgYok79rkueKlNATNvc4SvtTFc746MIgafu40rj7e-j2Wkj_HDOj6sSA9F-KIwwLYZ5VFbRIwd2tWmQ2npYpJ6RI9NNAqh8Q9DAspKtwIm454N7Lymd/s1600/01.jpg" /></a><br />
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◎文、攝影/陳品君<br />
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80年前,屏東海豐洋樓起家的<a href="https://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2015/08/70.html" target="_blank">有忠管絃樂團</a>隨著團員逐漸凋零畫下休止符。財團法人蕭珍記文化藝術基金會近年發起數場「吾等再現音樂會」,邀請樂團成員後人與愛樂人士,透過臺灣經典曲目向曾經在屏東平原上奏起悠揚樂音的先人致意。</div>
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無獨有偶,幾個月前,臺北音樂季的活動也曾向這些音樂前輩致意。</div>
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2018年10月,臺北市立交響樂團在臺北市音樂季策畫「百年時空逆旅」音樂會。上半場還原臺灣新文化運動時期國內重要西式樂團編制及曲目,1937年有忠管絃樂團便選錄其中,與1923年玲瓏會管絃樂團、1945年臺灣省警備總司令部交響樂團(今國立臺灣交響樂團)同場齊名。而節目規劃包含有忠管絃樂團曾於1935年5月11日在臺南公會堂及1937年3月6日在屏東公學校的演出編制與曲目:普契尼〈我的名字叫咪咪〉(選自歌劇《波西米亞人》)、蔡培火〈咱臺灣〉以及舒伯特〈野玫瑰〉。
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蕭珍記文化藝術基金會今年5月份舉行「吾等再現音樂會」,地點是2016年新建落成的屏東崇蘭昌黎殿。廟方以「文化建廟」為理念,企圖將當代印象融入建築體,因此拜殿裝飾除了忠孝節義、歷史典故彩繪之外,舉目更可見「屏東飛行聚落」、「六堆轟炮城」等在地地景與故事,而屏東音樂發展史重要人物鄭有忠、李淑德身影則成為畫師許良進筆下的彩繪人物。</div>
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基金會邀請鄭有忠學生黃振國與陳月華合作演出等曲目。幾年前透過鄰居牽線,陳月華和黃振國認識,後來才發現原來兩人都曾經在屏東市區向鄭有忠學琴。除了在餐廳駐點演奏外,每周三下午2點半在署立屏東醫院還搭檔演出,至今持續兩年多,還會有固定樂迷專程前來聆聽。
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGbf3HhIgTyAdP_v3qJo4NgRP43_RBsdoriObxgeB56wIc_a5k6miIZoJ3HBw_Lil-Z9ZHeUfyVWrIBbC-7RGaTMTsij8nos0LUNX_5npNz_HBTC9j1UHzjblIOJe6A9CPGralQ6gxGFVD/s1600/03.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGbf3HhIgTyAdP_v3qJo4NgRP43_RBsdoriObxgeB56wIc_a5k6miIZoJ3HBw_Lil-Z9ZHeUfyVWrIBbC-7RGaTMTsij8nos0LUNX_5npNz_HBTC9j1UHzjblIOJe6A9CPGralQ6gxGFVD/s1600/03.jpg" /></a><br />
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鍵盤手黃振國還記得當初是在屏東市區昌南醫院二樓「有忠音樂研究班」向鄭有忠學習拉小提琴。從國中學到高二,晚上一小時、一周兩次的課。他回憶老師如何指導:「琴要夾緊、弓往外拉……他講求音準,姿勢不僅正確,還要漂亮。」後來出社會黃振國也沒有忘卻音樂,白天做生意,晚上在餐廳、酒店或者是舞廳兼琴手;退休後更成立爵士樂團,在屏東藝術表演、喜宴尾牙場合時常可以看到他彈奏電子琴的身影。</div>
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陳月華在國小三年級的時候向鄭有忠學琴。她印象最深刻的是學琴不久後想參加音樂比賽,被老師說了句「青盲毋驚銃」,指她如初生之犢不畏虎。雖然小學畢業後沒有繼續學琴,卻是一雙子女的音樂啟蒙老師。自報紙經銷業退休後,重拾樂器的她又像是回到小時候習樂的光景,不同的是,現在可以把一首首練成的古典樂、台灣民謠、流行音樂分享給更多聽眾。
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蕭珍記文化藝術基金會自2015年以來舉辦第三次「吾等再現音樂會」音樂會。董事長蕭永忠表示,這場和接續在六月份萬丹「振吉家園」舉辦的音樂會,希望彰顯近代臺灣音樂發展史上兩方重要人物,一是起源於海豐的鄭有忠管弦樂團,另一方是萬丹李家,「小提琴教母」李淑德和其父親李明家便是出自於此家族。同時也透過音樂,讓更多人瞭解屏東樂界在近代臺灣音樂發展史上所占一席之地。</div>
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<br />
■受訪名單(依內文出現時序排列)<br />
鄭有忠學生、屏東太陽爵士樂團團長黃振國<br />
鄭有忠學生陳月華<br />
蕭珍記文化藝術基金會董事長蕭永忠<br />
<br />
■諮詢對象<br />
蕭珍記文化藝術基金會基金會董事蕭景文<br />
德國萊比錫大學音樂學博士生王擘元<br />
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<span style="background-color: #38761d;"><span style="color: white;">「南方音樂夢」系列報導</span></span><br />
<a href="http://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2015/08/70.html" target="_blank">70年前,一支屏東私人樂團半數成員進入國家交響樂團</a><br />
<a href="https://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2015/08/blog-post.html" target="_blank">他,催生洋樓裡的樂團成為南臺灣音樂人才的搖籃</a><br />
<a href="https://cultureintaiwan.blogspot.com/2019/06/1930.html" target="_blank">莊壽臣音樂路:1940年代自學樂器到1960年代高級飯店演出</a><br />
<br />陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-63965640719089013722018-05-16T21:28:00.007+08:002021-06-26T22:41:06.151+08:00高雄/他拿過緬甸、泰國身份,現在想成為臺灣人<p style="text-align: justify;"> <span>◎文/陳品君</span></p><div style="text-align: justify;">眼前的男子有好幾個名字,一如他的身份和居所。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">他第一次來到臺灣,護照上的英文名字「CHAMU CHAWA」是泰語音譯而來,他再譯成中文名字是「嘉哇」,那是泰皇允許他們泰北孤軍後裔入籍時,在申請上必須使用泰國少數民族名額而取的名字;日後待在臺灣久了,他盡量使用「俸儒傳」──一個包含家族字輩、看過農民曆算了筆畫的中文名字。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>國軍後裔,緬泰教書傳承中文</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">在臺灣 11 年,同事、朋友喚他「阿傳」。阿傳祖籍中國雲南省, 父親俸原明是 1950 年代前後中華民國國軍 93 師一員(即為人所知「泰北孤軍」一支)。阿傳 1971 年在緬甸出生,是家中年紀最小的成員「老五」,那時候天下太平,如電影《異域》那般孤軍家眷隨著戰事顛沛流離的生活,是他從小聽到大的故事。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">不過隨著戰事結束後,俸家成了兩半:阿傳隨媽媽、哥哥和姊姊在緬甸相依為命,與泰國的父親和哥哥分隔兩地。國中畢業後,18 歲的他成了村裡的中文老師,帶著「傳承下一代」 的使命,教導一群幼稚園到國小3年級的華人子弟,在異鄉還能識中文。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">兩年後,他來到泰國清萊以種茶維生的農村,與其他家庭成員團聚,那時父親已經逝去。「我來到那邊以後,因為沒有身份,到曼谷也不能工作。」阿傳說,不是「泰國人」的他,不能自由選擇工作,於是他重操舊業,在村裡的自治會湊錢蓋起的茅草屋拾起粉筆,教導有類似處境的孤軍與華僑後裔,也因為不被泰國政府認同,老師們得暗地教書。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">教書生涯停止在 2000 年前後,因為他和家人總算從無國籍變成「泰國人」,他可以前往曼谷工作。「後來我在曼谷四、五年還是存不到什麼錢,勉強過活,就跟哥哥說早一點把錢給我,我要去臺灣工作。」他感嘆。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>歷經緬甸與泰國生活,阿傳16 年後如願來臺</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">阿傳在緬甸的時候,就聽說過村裡有人到臺灣工作因而心生嚮往。只是當他有緬甸身份時,無法支付昂貴的仲介費用;剛到泰國時想來臺灣,卻礙於沒有國籍、無法辦護照,「吃臺灣飯」得在 16 年後才能成行。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">2006 年,35 歲的阿傳拿著跟親友借的錢,身上戴著朋友在登機前送的佛像項鍊,搭機前往自小便感親切卻又陌生的國度── 臺灣,這一待便是 11 年。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">來臺後歷經雲林麥寮台塑、高雄路竹、臺南官田等工業區的技術工作,如今他在高雄的燁聯鋼鐵公司擔任翻譯。在處理公司文書作業外,他更是上百名移工的行動7-11,舉凡宣導公司政策、有人感冒要看醫生、籌辦聯歡活動等等,由他包辦移工在工作與生活上的口語溝通需求。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">更多時候,這個工作是需要理解人性的。阿傳曾陪伴第一次來臺便遇上闌尾炎手術的移工,度過漫漫長夜;也曾拉開醉酒發火的夥伴,待雙方酒醒後好言相勸。安撫、平息情緒──阿傳十幾年來工作經驗告訴他,當這些弟兄身處不安、衝突,他們需要的是什麼。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">來臺即將屆滿技術移工年限 12 年,阿傳笑說,「現在對臺灣(生活)適應,反倒對泰國(生活)不適應了。」他回憶2年前為展延駕照回泰國20 天,當時心想,「哪天真的回到清萊生活,都不知道做什麼了。」他希望臺灣政府可以放寬甚至取消移工年限, 讓有意願者繼續工作。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">「修身、齊家、治國、平天下」是華人社會中耳熟能詳的為人處世之道。阿傳倒過來,當天下太平後,他取得國籍身分,能自由移動和工作。好不容易來到夢寐以求的工作國,當他逐漸上軌道,也替家裡的老媽媽蓋了一棟房,卻也是將離開臺灣的時候。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">阿傳從前希望可以透過父親所收到的「戰士授田憑據補償金發放通知單」,向政府證明父親是從前國軍一員、自己是後裔進而獲得臺灣國籍,但目前未有進一步消息。眼下與交往4年的女友論及婚嫁,阿傳希望婚後依親、日後歸化,成為名符其實的臺灣人,並持續奉獻一己之力,成為移工和廠方間的橋樑。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> (原文收錄於《工代誌》<span>〈<a href="https://labor.kcg.gov.tw/FileDownLoad/Epaper/2018092111440497.pdf" target="_blank">以前我拿緬甸、泰國身份,現在我想成為臺灣人</a>〉</span><span>)</span></div><div><span><br /></span></div><div></div></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4269110768090292690.post-39890415407485110572018-05-15T11:43:00.125+08:002021-06-26T22:37:15.782+08:00高雄/飄洋過海照顧你-越南阿芳在臺灣找到自己<div style="text-align: justify;">◎文/陳品君</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">「Nguyễn Thị Phương」 ,音譯後的中文名是「阮氏芳」。
「芳」即「方」,「爸爸說打仗接觸很多美軍使用的化學武器。……
他挖水喝,看到水是紫色他還喝。……我是他經過很多『地方』
還生存後的第一個小孩。」阮氏芳是爸爸因越戰到遠方打仗離家 10
年,尚能倖存返回的紀念。 </div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>到離家 1500 多公里外的海島走自己的路</b></div></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">阿芳在家鄉是「沒有自己」的。排行長女的她,不像兩位妹妹有受高等教育的機會。她從小家務一把抓,既要照顧兄長一雙子女、飼養家畜、收成作物到市場販賣,還得清潔環境,讓在外工作和求學的家人無後顧之憂。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">不過打理家務讓她找不到自己,也沒有獲得太多肯定;加上婚後丈夫愛玩的個性與兩人差異的價值觀,讓她逐漸體認生活還
是得依靠自己。有天她暗自決意:「好,我選一條路自己走、自己努力。」父母知道她的心意時,哭成一片。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">阿芳第一次離開家生活,便是遠渡重洋到 1500 多公里外的海島工作。抱持「跳脫目前困境、給父母更好生活」的信念,她不畏懼和擔憂一無所悉的陌生國度、密密麻麻的紙本合約以及模稜兩可的工作內容。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">不過當她驅車6小時來到首都河內人力仲介公司受訓中文時,牆面張貼臺灣廣告的海報盡是高樓大廈圖像,讓她差點過不了自己這關。「我問老師,『他們都是高樓,有米可以吃嗎?他們有種米嗎?』老師回答:『妳放心啦,我已經去過了,會有米給妳吃!』老師笑我傻。」阿芳笑說,她是米飯派,一餐沒有飯吃便會緊張受不了。 </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>來臺工作、學習、學習工作,自我要求形成專業</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">「來臺前只有受訓語言(中文),我覺得人力仲介缺乏培訓(制度)。」阿芳在中心用羅馬拼音學中文僅兩個多月,後來她發現,阿公阿嬤攏講臺語(a-kong a-má lóng kóng Tâi-gí )。「照顧老人明明需要臺語,(當時我們)沒有臺語受訓,
技能、技術也沒有。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">在臺灣,外籍人士申請家庭看護工的門檻只有「20 歲以上」
的年齡限制,比起鄰近日本國類似職業「介護福祉士」需要資格審查、國家考試執照等標準,相對放寬。過往阿芳料理瑣碎家務養成的靈巧身手,為她來臺後照顧年長者打底,而許多專業技術和眉角,則是在往後工作期間邊做邊學,或是參加培訓課程精進。她拿出一本「丙級技術士照顧服務員」教材,直說手邊有許多
這類參考書,「你下個雇主有可能是很嚴重的,就可以應用了,
你不會擔心、緊張。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">除了實務中累積專業,從國中便休學的阿芳,在臺灣最開心的事莫過於報名各式各樣政府、民間單位開辦給新移民與移工的課程。她一會手指著一本放滿各種證書的資料夾,笑稱「華語文能力測驗證書」、「移民輔導通譯人員進階培訓結業」等文件,都是來台灣工作十幾年的紀念品;一會又細數在空中大學上過的貨幣銀行、人生哲學、初級民法基礎課程,每堂課都讓她大開眼界。她說,要不是只有禮拜天才可以休息上課,什麼課都想聽。幾年前更是拿到國中補校畢業證書,彌補失學之憾。 </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>家人是心裡最柔軟的一塊</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
在臺灣逾十年,許多離鄉背井的辛酸苦楚,都是因為想到家人暗自吞腹內,或是因為家人的體諒暈散化開。談到父母,阿芳語帶哽咽,「現在照顧她(臺灣的老太太)也是會哭,因為自己長輩沒辦法照料到,可是為了經濟我還是照顧別人。」來到海的彼端,做著本是服侍父母的事,「做好自己…….父母會原諒我們的不孝。」阿芳欣慰表示,近幾年整修好老家,讓長輩過更好的生活環境,也是了了來臺工作的一大心願。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">談到女兒,當年那位母親無法陪伴成長的4、5歲孩子,在電話一頭說「媽媽妳很有成就,我就開心了」,回憶這段,阿芳嶄露笑靨。今年 18 歲的女兒正考慮到海外求學,臺灣是選項之
一,阿芳對她說:「你自己選擇,以後是你自己的路,你認真地走,像媽媽一樣。」</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>即將屆滿工作年限,盼臺灣移工制度更健全</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">阿芳不諱言臺灣法律對移工的限制與不平等待遇,如移工不受勞基法保障、年限規定,自己曾在勞動條件未健全的工作環境下,差點成為受外在優渥薪資引誘、動念「跑掉」的非法移工。「我要跑了,東西已經帶走了,後來想阿嬤都叫我名字習慣了…….
就又回來。」她因為掛心照顧的老人家而半路折返。 </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">工作年限即將屆滿 14 年的阿芳,近日獲得 2018 年高雄市政府頒發的模範移工。她向政府喊話,期盼延長或取消年限,讓語言能力、照護經驗豐富且有意繼續服務的外籍家庭看護工,有更多貢獻臺灣社會的機會。</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">(原文收錄於《工代誌》</span><span style="text-align: left;">〈<a href="https://labor.kcg.gov.tw/FileDownLoad/Epaper/2018092111440497.pdf" target="_blank">飄洋過海照顧你-越南阿芳在臺灣找到自己</a>〉</span><span style="text-align: left;">)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>陳品君http://www.blogger.com/profile/06940190353663105544noreply@blogger.com0